7. Make up your own dialogues using the following word-combinations:

Waste, waste water, to continue pollution, to throw much dust into the air, electric filters, environmental protection, withdraw from the atmosphere, to influence people’s health, to take measures, to move beyond the city, purifying installations.

8. Communicative situations:

1. Make a report in your group Nuclear Energy and the Environment.

2. You are the director of the Artificial Fiber Plant. A representative from Greenpeace has come to you and is trying to persuade you to close some shops.

3. Discuss the theme Man – a Master of Nature or a Part of it?

4. Make a speech on nature protection What should People do to Protect Nature.

Texts for Additional Reading Ukraine’s Economy

Ukraine is rich in mineral resources. It completely satisfies its needs in iron, manganese and titanium ores, as well as in rock salt, cement, gypsum, mineral paints, heat resistant clays, bromine, graphite mercury and uranium.

Steppes and plaints compose the most part of the territory of Ukraine (95%). The top-soils are mainly black. They are the biggest treasures of the Ukrainian land. 25% of the world’s black rich soils are in Ukraine. Together with the fact that Ukraine’s climate is mainly moderately continental, and the sediments are 300-600 millimeters, it allows for considerable progress in agricultural production after the village is reoriented towards the market economy.

Because of its potential Ukraine is an industrial-agricultural country. Its machine-building potential includes tractors, agricultural machine building, production of diesel locomotives and rail-road cars, automobiles, rockets, sea and river vessels, refrigerators, TV-sets, washing machines, electric motors, industrial robots, motor-cycles, equipment for metallurgic, chemical, mine and textile appliances and many other complicated products. Well-developed are black and colored metallurgy, chemical, oil and wood processing, and the cellulose-paper industries.

Since its independence Ukraine has confronted problems. The situation today is better in one important respect than it was in the preceding years: inflation, which was running at 330% a year in 1993 has been reduced.

The American Economic System: What are its Goals?

Society has goals that it tries to fulfill through its public policies. While some controversy exists, most Americans are likely to agree that a list of the nation’s economic goals should include the following.

Full employment. There should be a job for everyone ready, willing and able to work.

Economic growth. Increasing the output of goods and services. With more and better goods and services available, everyone’s living standard is likely to improve.

Price stability. There have been times when prices in general increased or decreased at a rapid rate. Such times of inflation and deflation are likely to create hardships for many sectors of the economy. Price stability refers to times during which prices remain constant.

Economic freedom. We should all have a high degree of freedom to choose how we will earn our livings and how we will spend our money.

Economic security. Foe whatever reason, physical handicaps, old age, accidental injury, or the like. There are those among us who are unable to earn their own way. Economic security means that somehow those who are unable to care for themselves fully will be proved for.

Equity. It is the quality of being fair or impartial. As an economic goal, it means that the economic system ought to offer all its citizens equal opportunities to achieve their ambitions.

Efficiency. It is a measure of how much we get for what we use. As a national goal, economic efficiency refers to the entire economy’s ability to get the most out of its limited resources.