- •1. Phonetics as a branch of linguistics.
- •2. Phonetics and other disciplins.
- •3. The role of pronunciation in the process of communication.
- •4. The role of phonetics in foreign language teaching.
- •5. The material aspect of the phoneme
- •6. The abstract aspect of the phoneme
- •7. Phonetic transcription. What type of broad transcription is preferable for teaching pronunciation?
- •8. Which method of broad transcription do you prefer? why?
- •9. The functional aspect of the phoneme.
- •10. The conceptions of the phoneme.
- •11. Main trends in the phoneme theory
- •12. Methods of phonological analysis
- •13. Semantically-distributional method of establishing the phonemic status of speech sounds (I.E. Phonological analysis)
- •15. Degrees and position of word stress.
- •16. The definition of intonation. Components of intonation.
- •17.Intonation pattern and its components
- •18. Which component of the intonation pattern is the most important one? why? (то же самое)
- •19. View intonation on the functional level
- •20.Communicative function of intonation
- •21. The distinctive function of intonation
- •22. What kinds of meaning can be differentiated by the opposition of terminal tones?
- •23. The role of intonation in structuring the information content of the utterance.
- •24. Organizing function of intonation: delimitation and integration
- •25. Pragmatic function of intonation
- •26. Is intonation always in balance with the grammatical structure and word content?
- •27. Rhythm in english
- •28. Phonostylistics. Phonostylistic approach to the description of phonetic phenomena
- •29. Extralinguistic situation and its components
- •30. What extralinguistic factors play the leading role in phonetic styles formation?
- •31. Stylistic modifications of speech sounds
- •32. Which classification of phonetic styles do you prefer?
- •33. In which spheres of communication is informational style used? what are its main prosodic characteristics?
- •34. In which spheres of communication is academic style used? what are its main prosodic characteristics?
- •35. Rp as a pronunciation standard and teaching norm
- •New tendencies in the pronunciation of present day english
- •Intrusive “r”, inserted before a following vowel even though there is no “r” in spelling. (idea of, China and)
- •37. Principle types of pronunciation in britain
- •General american
2. Phonetics and other disciplins.
Phonetics is one of the basic branches of linguistic, naturally it is closely connected with the other linguistic disciplines: lexicology and grammar. Special attention should be given to the relations of phonetics and social science
Sociophonetics |
Studies the ways in which pronunciation interacts with society. In other words, it is the study of the way in which phonetic structures change in response to different social function. |
Psycholinguistics |
Here are some of the problems covered by psycholinguistics: the acquisition of language by children, the extent to which language meditates or structures thinking; the extent to which language is influenced and itself influences such things as memory, attention, perception; the problems of speech production and speech perception; speech pathology. |
Physiology, anatomy, physics (acoustics) |
Physiology, anatomy, physics (acoustics) study different aspects of speech production and speech perception. It is closely connected with articulatory phonetics and auditory phonetics. |
Mathematics, statistics, computer science. |
Are used in phonetic research. |
Kinesics |
It is believed that 7 % of communication is conveyed by words, 38 % -by sounds and intonation and 55 % - by non-verbal means. And the study of non-verbal means of communication is called kinesics. The analysis of spoken discourse often includes references both to the phonetic and non-verbal aspects of speech communication. |
Lexicology |
The importance of the connection between lexicology and phonetics stands explained if we remember that a word is an association of a given group of sounds with a given meaning. Phonemes have no meaning of their own but they serve to distinguish between meanings. Their function is building up morphemes, and it is on the level of morphemes that the form-meaning unity is introduced into language. Historical phonetics and historical phonology can be of great use in the diachronic study of synonyms, homonyms and polysemy. |
Grammar |
Grammatical units exist in a sound form. Both studies structure the languages. Some language phenomena, for example alternations, stand on border of phonetics and grammars. |
3. The role of pronunciation in the process of communication.
When the person begins to communicate with the other person, he usually does it with the purpose to make a certain influence on the partner: to convince, interest, ask, warn him, etc.
Any deviations from pronouncing norms of foreign language can lead to the certain difficulties in understanding. Sounds and intonation of the foreign language, reproduced with accent, can also lead to the distortion of the meaning. It is known that in the German and English languages one of the phonemic (фонематический или смыслоразличительный) feature is duration of vowels. The changing of the meaning of the word depends on duration or brevity of vowels. If you pronounce the sound incorrectly, the meaning of the word can be changed, and it can lead to partial or full misunderstanding, and even to sad consequences.