Positive degree degree of comparison
POSTDETERMINER (n) постдетерминатив A word which can occur between the article and the noun it modifies, e.g. the first man.
POSTPONEMENT (n) [pOust'pounmqnt] оттяжка A device consisting in removing an element from its normal position, and placing it towards or at the end of the sentence, e.g. It is a pity to make a fool of oneself.
POSTPOSITION (n) постпозитив A functional component of a phrasal verb which is mainly a place adverb, e.g. get up, find out.
PREDETERMINER ['prJdi'tWminq] (n) предетерминатив A word or group of words which can occur in front of an article or other determiner in a noun phrase, e.g. all the men.
PREDICATE ['predikit] (n) сказуемое A verb or verb phrase, with or without a complement, functioning as one of the two fundamental constituents of a sentence, (e.g. The black cat caught the mouse), the other being the subject.
SIMPLE VERBAL PREDICATE простое глагольное сказуемое А predicate expressed by a finite form of verbs, group-verbs included. It denotes an action, e.g. He smiled; She took no notice of it.
COMPOUND NOMINAL PREDICATE составное именное сказуемое А predicate consisting of a link and a predicative which denotes the state or quality of the person or thing expressed by the subject, e.g. He is lucky; The silence grew long.
COMPOUND VERBAL ASPECT(IVE) PREDICATE составное глагольное аспектное сказуемое A predicate consisting of a finite form of verbs of starting, stopping and continuing and a non-finite form (an infinitive or gerund, rarely a participle) of the main verb, e.g. It started to rain. He went on eating.
COMPOUND VERBAL MODAL PREDICATE составное глагольное модальное сказуемое A predicate consisting of a modal verb or its equivalent and an infinitive of the main verb, e.g. You must do it; Who is to do the job?
PREDICATION (n) предикативность The relationship between the subject and the predicate.
PREDICATIVE [pri'dikqtiv] (n) предикатив A nominal part of a compound nominal predicate expressed by a noun, adjective or other nominal part of speech, e.g. He is a student; You seem tired.
PREDICATIVE CLAUSE придаточное предикативное A clause functioning as predicative, e.g. That’s what I want.
PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION
PREFIX ['prJfiks] (n) приставка An affix which is added to the front of a root or astern, e.g. unlikely.
PREPOSITION ["prepq'ziSqn] (n) предлог А form word used together with a noun phrase to show the relationship between that phrase and other words in the sentence, e.g. She went with me.
PREPOSITIONAL (adj) предложный Of, like or containing a preposition.
Present tense tense
PRIMARY PREDICATION первичная предикация The relationship between the subject and predicate when the latter is expressed by a finite verb form.
PRINCIPAL PART главный член The subject and the predicate.
P
AST
PRIMARY TENSES = PRESENT INDEFINITE
FUTURE
PRONOUN ['prOunaun] (n) местоимение A part of speech denoting substances, qualities, quantities, circumstances, etc. not by naming or describing them but by indicating them. Pronouns can be substitutes (e.g. it, each), determiners (e.g. this, that), predeterminers (e.g. all, such), postdeterminers (e.g. many, several).
PROPER NAME NoUN PROPER NOUN
PROP-WORD (n) слово-субститут A word such as a pronoun which serves to replace another word for the purpose of back reference, e.g. I don't want this, have you got another one?
PROXIMITY [prq'ksimiti] RULE правило соседства The adjustment of the verb form functioning as the predicate to the noun or pronoun which closely precedes it, instead of the head word of the phrase acting as the subject, e.g. No one except his own supporters agree with him.
Q
QUALITATIVE ['kwOlitqtiv] (adj) качественный Of, or pertaining to quality.
QUANTIFIER ['kwOntifaiq] (n) количественный показатель A word or expression used in noun phrases to show the amount, e.g. many trees, a lot of time.
QUANTITATIVE ['kwOntItqtiv] (adj) количественный Of, or pertaining to quantity.
QUESTION = INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
DISJUNCTIVE QUESTION разделительный вопрос A question containing an interrogative formula appended to the part built after the pattern of a declarative sentence, e.g. It is right, isn’t it? Alternative term: tag question.
GENERAL QUESTION общий вопрос A question requiring the answer ‘Yes’ or ‘No’, e.g. Do you like music?
SPECIAL QUESTION специальный вопрос A question opening with an interrogative word, e.g. Who lives in this house? Alternative term: WH-question.
RECIPROCAL [ri'siprqkql] PRONOUN взаимное местоимение A pronoun expressing mutual relationship, e.g. each other.
REFERENCE (n) референция, соотнесение The relationship between a referent (e.g. a concrete entity or an abstract concept) and the symbol which is used to identify it.
NON-UNIQUE REFERENCE неединичная референция Reference which is not confined to a single object.
REFERENT ['rqfqrqnt] (n) референт The physical entity or abstract concept to which we give a name by a verbal or written symbol.
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN возвратное местоимение A pronoun which refers back to the subject, e.g. myself; themselves.
RELATIVE ['relqtiv] CLAUSE придаточное относительное А subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun or adverb, e.g. This is the place where he was born.
RELATIVE PRONOUN относительное местоимение A pronoun such as ‘who, whom, whose, which, that’ which refers back to a previous word in the sentence, e.g. ‘that’ in ‘The house that Jack built’ refers to ‘the house’.