- •Нижегородский государственный лингвистический университет им. Н. А. Добролюбова
- •Notes for use
- •Cardinal ['kRdinl] (n) numeral case (n) падеж a grammatical category of a noun or pronoun indicating its relationship to other words in the sentence.
- •Concord agreement
- •Count(able) noun noun
- •Declarative sentence sentence
- •Genitive case genitive case
- •Gerund non-finite
- •Indefinite article article
- •Indefinite personal subject subject
- •Inversion word order
- •Positive degree degree of comparison
- •Present tense tense
- •Relative tenses perfect secondary tenses
- •Reported speech indirect speech
- •Subordinate clause clause
- •Superlative degree of comparison
- •Part one fundamentals of syntax and morphology
- •Syntactic units
- •The subject
- •Phrases
- •This function is most common with nouns introduced by prepositions.
- •Ah, that’s just what I wanted; Ugh, what a mess!
- •2.7. Regular plurals
- •Spelling
- •Irregular in pronunciation only
- •Irregular in both pronunciation and spelling
- •The definite article is used
- •Both the definite article and the indefinite article may be used
- •Some and any
- •Every, each
- •Either, neither, much
- •All, both, half
- •Several
- •Few, little / a few, a little
- •He has studied/had studied/ English
- •S tudying English, he learnt a lot about the British. Studying English
- •Subjunctive Mood Patterns
Concord agreement
CONCRETE ['kOnkrJt] NOUN конкретное существительное A noun referring to a material object, e.g. table, animal. It may take any determiner and usually forms a plural.
CONDITIONAL CLAUSE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONDITION
CONDITIONAL MOOD условное наклонение An analytical form of the subjunctive mood expressed by “should/would” + infinitive of the main verb which implies a condition or hypothesis, e.g. If I could I should go there; He would have done it for nothing.
CONJOINT [kOn'GOInt] (adj) присоединенный United, associated.
CONJOINT FORM присоединенная форма A form of the possessive pronoun which precedes the noun it modifies, e.g. your, my.
CONJUNCTION [kOn'GANkSqn] (n) союз A form word used to link together sentence parts or clauses. Alternative terms: connector, connective.
COORDINATING [kOu'LdineitiN] CONJUNCTION сочинительный союз A conjunction which links together items of equal rank without syntactic or semantic implications, e.g. and, but, or, nor, for, etc, which in turn may be classified into copulative, e.g. and, nor, not only ... but; adversative, e.g. but, still, yet; disjunctive, e.g. or, either ... or; causative-consecutive, e.g. for, hence, so. Alternative term: coordinator.
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION CORRELATIVE
SUBORDINATING [sq'bLdineitiN] CONJUNCTION подчинительный союз A conjunction which indicates subordination of the clause introduced, e.g. Unless you put on your overcoat, you’ll catch a cold. Sometimes it introduces a phrase, e.g. He looked at me kindly if somewhat sceptically. Alternative term: subordinator.
CONJUNCTIVE [kqn'GANktive] (adj) союзный Referring to the connectors.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB союзное наречие An adverb which connects clauses, e.g. why, how.
CONJUNCTIVE PRONOUN союзное местоимение A pronoun which connects clauses, e.g. which, what.
CONJUNCTIVE WORD союзное слово A conjunctive adverb/ pronoun.
CONNECTOR [kq'nqktq] = CONJUNCTION
CONSTITUENT [kqn'stitjuqnt] (n) конституент, составная часть A language element which is a component part of a larger unit.
CONTACT ['kOntxkt] CLAUSE контактное придаточное An attributive clause joined asyndetically to the main clause, e.g. I devoured the books they lent me.
CONTEXT ['kOntekst] (n) контекст The language units preceding and following a particular linguistic item in an utterance or text. Alternative term: environment.
CONSTRUCTION (n) конструкция The process or result of a grouping of words within a sentence.
PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTION предикативная конструкция А construction based on secondary predication, e.g. a complex subject, a complex object, etc. Alternative terms: a verbal construction, a complex with a verbal.
CONTINUOUS [kqn'tinjuqs] (n) продолженный вид An analytical aspect form of the verb expressed by ‘be’ + participle I of the main verb, which indicates temporariness, i.e. limited duration of the action, e.g. is writing.
CONTRACTION [kqn'trxkSqn] (n) стяжение The process or result of a merging of an abbreviated form with the preceding word, e.g. I’m; who’ll; can’t.
CO-OCCUR ['kOuq'kW] (v) допускать совместную встречаемость То be used together.
COORDINATE CLAUSE CLAUSE
COORDINATING CONJUNCTION CONJUNCTION
COORDINATION [kOu"Ldi'neiSqn] (n) СОЧИНЕНИЕ (1) A syntactic relation between units which are equal in rank, i.e. not dependent on one another; (2) The linking of homogeneous sentence parts and coordinate clauses. Coordination is expressed by coordinating conjunctions or asyndetically, e.g. My closest friends are Fred and his wife; Honest, clever students always succeed.
COORDINATOR COORDINATING CONJUNCTION
COPULATIVE ['kOpjulqtiv] (adj) СОЕДИНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ Serving to connect.
COPULATIVE CONJUNCTION соединительный союз A coordinating conjunction denoting addition, i.e. one fact is added to another, e.g. and, nor, neither ... nor, as well as, both ... and, not only ... but also.
CORRELATIVE [kq'rqlqtiv] (n) коррелирующий, соотносительный союз A conjunction consisting of a pair of words such as ‘either ... or’, ‘hardly ... when’, etc connecting words or clauses, e.g. He was both shocked and entertained.