Vocabulary Notes:

1. to report (to) [rı`pO:t] / [rı`pO:rt] – підпорядковуватися (комусь);

2. to assign (to) [ə`saın] – доручати, передавати; закріпляти (за кимсь); зазначати; давати (завдання);

3. organization structure (OS) [ֽO:gənaı`zeı∫<sup>ə</sup>n `strAkt∫ə] – структура організації; організаційна будова (система відділів і підрозділів, з яких складається організація, а також адміністративно-фінансові відношення між ними);

4. position [pə`zı∫^ən] – посада; місце;

5. to hold a position – займати (обіймати) посаду;

6. system of communication – система передачі інформації; система зв’язку; система комунікацій;

7. to facilitate [fə`sıləteıt] – полегшувати; допомагати; просувати; сприяти;

8. entity [`entəti] – самостійна одиниця, самостійне утворення; самостійна правова одиниця; особа; підприємство; організація; органзізація-суб’єкт права;

9. working efficiency [ֽwə:kıŋ ı`fı∫^ən^tsi] – продуктивність праці; працездатність; ефективність роботи; ефективність експлуатації;

10. organizational unit [ֽO:gənaı`zeı∫<sup>ə</sup>nəl `ju:nıt] – організаційна одиниця, підрозділ організації (відділ у структурі організації);

11. multiple [`mAltıp^əl] – багаточисельний; численний; різноманітний;

12. to take on – набувати;

13. to apply (about principles) [ə`plaı] – використовувати, застосовувати;

14. common patterns [`kOmən `pæt^ənz] – загальноприйняті (поширені) зразки (моделі);

15. in terms of – з точки зору; на мові;

16. geographic dispersion [ֽGi:ə`græfık dı`spə:∫^ən] – географічна розкиданість;

17. facilities [fə`sılətiz] – потужності; виробничі потужності; можливості; кошти; будівлі; виробничі об’єкти; виробничі будівлі; умови діяльності; об’єкти;

18. the range of businesses – розмах підприємств;

19. diversified [daı`və:sıfaıd] / [də`və:sıfaıd] – диверсифікований; багатосторонній; різноманітний;

20. the Board of Directors [ֽbO:d əv daı^ə`rektəz] – рада директорів; правління; адміністрація;

21. to be in charge of [t∫α:G] / [t∫α:rG] – відповідальний (за);

22. the Chairman of the Board – голова правління (ради директорів) (член ради директорів компанії, який керує засіданням ради директорів; ця посада є найвищою в компанії; інколи поєднує свій пост із постом головного виконавчого директора, але найчастіше – найвища почесна посада; має незначні повноваження і виконує представницькі функції);

23. to be in overall control [ֽəuvər`O:l kən`trəul] – здійснювати централізоване управління;

24. the Managing Director [`mænıGıŋ daı<sup>ə</sup>`rektə] – генеральний директор; виконавчий директор, директор-розпорядник;

57. the Chief Executive [ֽt∫i:f ıg`zekjutıv] – глава виконавчої влади; глава фірми; ам. президент;

25. Finance Department [`faınæn<sup>t</sup>s dı`pα:tmənt] – фінансовий відділ;

26. Sales Department [ֽseı^əlz dı`pα:tmənt] – відділ збуту; комерційний відділ;

27. Marketing Department [`mα:kıtıŋ dı`pα:tmənt] – відділ маркетингу; маркетинговий відділ (підрозділ компанії, який займається маркетинговою діяльністю в інтересах компанії);

28. Production Department [prə`dAk∫<sup>ə</sup>n dı`pα:tmənt] – виробничий відділ; виробничий підрозділ;

29. Research and Development (R&D) Department [rı`sə:t∫ ənd dı`veləpmənt dı`pα:tmənt] – відділ досліджень і розробок (відділ компанії, який займається розробкою нової продукції або нових технологій);

30. Personnel Department [ֽpə:sə`nel dı`pα:tmənt] – відділ кадрів, управління кадрами (підрозділ);

31. day-to­-day running – повсякденне керівництво; щоденне управління;

32. senior executive [`si:niə ıg`zekjutıv] – керівник вищого рангу;

33. hunter [`hAntə] / [`hAnt^ər] – мисливець;

34. collector [kə`lektə] / [kə`lekt^ər] – збирач;

35. tribal [`traıb^əl] – родовий; племінниій;

36. royal power structure [`rOıəl `pauə `strAkt∫ə] – структура королівської влади, владна структура королів;

37. clerical [`klerık^əl] – церковний; клерикальний;

38. industrial structure [ın`dAstriəl `strAkt∫ə] – індустріальна структура; промислова структура; галузева структура виробництва;

39. post-industrial structure [ֽpəustın`dAstriəl `strAkt∫ə] – постіндустріальна структура;

40. demanding [dı`mα:ndıg] (customers) – вимогливі (клієнти);

41. flatter (structure) – більш плоска (організаційна структура) (організаційна структура, яка характеризується меншою кількістю рівнів управління, ніж в ієрархії звичайної організації; зазвичай передбачає меншу кількість проміжних управряючих, тобто всі підпорядковані підрозділи або групи мають одного головного керівника);

42. hierarchical structure [₍ֽ₎haı^ə`rα:kık<sup>ə</sup>l `strAkt∫ə]– ієрархічна структура;

43. fluid [`flu:ıd] – рухливий; мінливий; нестабільний;

44. team – колектив; бригада; команда, група;

45. network – мережа;

46. boundaryless [`baundəriləs] – без меж; такий, що не знає обмежень кордонів;

47. alliance [ə`laıən^ts] – альянс, союз, об’єднання (структура, організація);

48. the core [kO:] / [kO:r] (of the organization) – основа; серцевина; середина; ядро.

Task 5. Correct the following false statements.

1. In an organization employees’ responsibilities typically are defined by what they want to do.

2. In business OS means overall strategy.

3. Organization structure means the relationship between memebers of the Board.

4. There is a limited number of structural variations that organizations can take on.

5. Organization struc­ture is very important because it places restrictions on the activities of the organizational units.

6. The best organizational structure for any company does not depend on its core activity.

7. In a typical case, the Chairman of the Board is also the head of the personnel department.

8. The managing director of a company is not in charge of its day-to-­day running and performs solely representative functions.

9. Organizational structure developed at the time of the Industrial Revolution.

10. Over the last decade, the structure of many companies has become more hierarchical.

11. One of the newest organizational structures developed in the 21^st century is team.

12. Teams can be only horizontal.

13. Network is one of the most ancient organizational structures.

14. Managers in network structures spend most of their time monitoring internal relations through direct supervision.

15. If the core of the organization is small it can never operate globally.

Task 6. The words below are frequently confused. Study each pair of words. Pronounce them and translate into your native tongue. Explain the difference between the words in each pair.

1. size – sieze;	4. common – come on;	7. chief – chef;
2. facilitate – facility;	5. dispersion – depression;	8. personnel – personal;
3. improve – prove;	6. policy – police;	9. decade – decide.

Task 7. Find pairs of antonyms among the following words.

1. to impede; 2. ancient; 3. boundaryless; 4. common; 5. efficient; 6. to worsen; to deteriorate; 7. entire; 8. external; 9. flat structure; 10. general; 11. horizontal; 12. bounded; limited; 13. internal; 14. junior; 15. partial; broken; 16. senior; 17. specific; 18. tall structure; 19. the newest; modern; 20. to facilitate; 21. to improve; 22. unusual; rare; individual; 23. vertical; 24. weak; invalid.

Task 8. a) In the text “Organizational Structure” (Task 4) find the contexts in which the following words are used.

organization ×10

organizational ×4

b) Which noun can be used in all the word-combinations below? Fill in the gaps with one word. Translate the word-combinations.

flatter _____ virtual _____ modern _____ network _____ the team _____ industrial _____ more fluid _____ highly royal _____

organizational _____ clerical power _____ post-industrial _____ less hierarchical _____ business organization _____ the best organizational _____ effective organizational _____ the newest organizational _____

Task 9. Match the terms in column A with their definitions in column B.

A

B

team network position facilities market leader the Board of Directors organization structure (OS)

the company selling the largest quantity of a particular type of product; a product that outsells its competitors; a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization; a description of the types of coordination used to organize the actions of individuals and departments in a company that contribute to achieving a common aim; a group of people linked in a common purpose e.g. to conduct tasks that are high in complexity and have many interdependent subtasks; an installation, contrivance, or other thing which facilitates something; a place for doing something e.g. a commercial or institutional building; a job in a company or organization; a person’s place or level of importance in relation to others; high rank or social standing; an arrangement (horizontal and vertical) of interconnected positions within an organization;

b) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the words in italics.

1. A group in itself does not necessarily constitute a team. 2. Teams normally have members with complementary skills and generate synergy through a coordinated effort which allows each member to maximize his or her strengths and minimize his or her weaknesses. 3. We take a team-based approach to work. 4. The success of this project has been a team effort. 5. Network is a modern organizational structure. 6. He remained in that position until his retirement in 2010. 7. He left a career in teaching to take up a position with the Arts Council. 8. Hyundai said this week it is scaling back its U.S. operations by eliminating 50 positions. 9. They built a new facility to produce the medicine.

10. The company needs an oil storage facility. 11. The airport provides good facilities for business travelers. 12. A market leader often dominates its competitorsin customer loyalty, distribution coverage, image, perceived value, price, profit and promotional spending. 13. We are becoming one of the market leaders in the fashion industry. 14. Theoretically, the control of a company is divided between two bodies: the board of directors, and the shareholders in general meeting. In practice, the amount of power exercised by the board varies with the type of company. 15. The Board of Directors has approved the decision unanimously. 16. The flat organizational structure is common in enterprenerial start-ups, university spin offs or small companies in general.

Task 10. a) Use the prepositions in the box to fill in the blanks in the phrases below.

at	by	from	in ×8	across	through
on	for	of ×6	to ×4	within	between

1. … a typical case;

2. to work … a network;

3. to be … overall control;

4. to report … the Director;

5. a system … communication;

6. the relationship … positions;

7. … an organization … any size;

8. to be … charge … a department;

9. to be a market leader … its niche;

10. to be run … the Board … Directors;

11. to be responsible … policy decisions;

12. people …the head … an organization;

13. to take … multiple structural variations;

14. the organization’s size … terms … employees;

15. to be assigned … positions … the organization;

16. to improve the efficiency … the organizational units;

17. the degree … which an organization is diversified … markets;

18. … the ancient times … clerical power structures … industrial structures.

b) Translate the following prepositional phrases and word-combinations.

1. in general;	4. in charge of;	7. in each department;
2. in terms of;	5. in a typical case;	8. in an organization;
3. in its niche;	6. in overall control;	9. in business organization structure.

Task 11. a) Fill in the blanks with noun or adjective forms. Use your dictionary if necessary.

NOUN	ADJECTIVE
-----------	complex
industry	-----------
-----------	responsible
effect	-----------
-----------	essential
tribe	-----------
-----------	efficient
basis	-----------
-----------	structure
clergy	-----------
-----------	strategic
horizon	-----------
-----------	organizational
royalty	-----------
-----------	diversified

b) Which of the above nouns / adjectives are used in the text “Organizational Structure” (Task 4)?

Task 12. a) Read and translate the passage.

Gossip is rampant and contagious in some workplaces. Such gossip-ridden workplaces can be characterized as settings in which employees do not receive sufficient information about what is happening in the company. (This is one of the employees’ five most important needs from work.)

Gossip is also a characteristic of companies that fail to make their decision making transparent to employees. When decision rationale is not clear, then employees spend time guessing – usually with the most negative, nefarious rationales in mind – about why something changed.

When economic times are tough, and people are waiting for bad news, you must take on the hard topics to encourage your employees to trust you. If employees trust you, they are more likely to come to you with questions and comments. This is what you want to encourage at work.

It is also advisable to nip gossip in the bud, just like employee negativity. Left to fester, both grow and are contagious; they infect even the most positive-spirited employees and weigh down the workplace.

Many experts believe that negatively and persistently affecting employee morale is an offense that deserves disciplinary action, if coaching isn’t working to change behavior. Here’s how to manage gossip.

Some companies implement “a no gossip and no back stabbing policy” that is strictly enforced. Every new employee signs an “agreement to values” form and breaching your agreement can get you fired. The policy proved to be effective for creating a productive environment for employees.