Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:

1. to walk out – бастувати; виходити; демонстративно залишити (залу тощо);

2. to keep smth. down – затримувати зростання; заважати розвитку;

10. The Kremnica Mint in Slovakia first started producing florins and ducats in 1328, when Hungarian King Charles Robert of Anjou decided that Kremnica would be a free royal town that would operate a mint. Kremnica ducats became somewhat famous, producing coins of such quality that they were known as the hardest currency in Central Europe. During World War II, German soldiers blew up the Mint’s equipment, but dedicated workers rallied to bring the machinery and building back up to par.

Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:

1. florin [`flOrın] / [`flO:rın] – флорин (монета в різних країнах); золота монета = 8 шилінгам 6 пенсам; була в обігу в 14 столітті;

2. ducat [`dAkət] – дукат (старовинна золота монета);

3. Charles Robert of Anjou [ֽα:n`ჳu:] / [ֽα:n`dჳu:] (Charles I, also known as Charles Robert, Charles Robert of Anjou, and Charles Robert of Anjou-Hungary) – reigned as King of Hungary (1308-1342). Charles carried out numerous important political and economical reforms, for example he introduced new coins with a consistently high purity of gold.

4. Kremnica (German: Kremnitz, Hungarian: Körmöcbánya) – a town in central Slovakia. It has some 5,700 inhabitants. Kremnica was among the major mining towns of the world during the Middle Ages and in Modern Times due to the abundant gold ore deposits in the Kremnica Mountains. The well-preserved medieval town built above important gold mines is the site of the oldest still-working mint in the world.

5. a mint [mınt] – монетний двір;

6. to blow up – висаджувати в повітря;

7. dedicated – відданий;

8. to rally [`ræli] – знову збирати(ся) (для спільних зусиль); відновлювати боротьбу після поразки;

9. to bring up to par [pα:] / [pα:r] – привести у належний (початковий) стан;

Task 8. a) Which company in list A is described in list B?

List A Hōshi Stora Enso the Kremnica Mint Aberdeen Harbour Stiftskeller St. Peter Kongō Gumi Co., Ltd the Wieliczka Salt Mine Augustiner Brewery of Munich Affligem Abbey brewery of Belgium the Weihenstephan Brewery of Bavaria

List B a Bavarian brewery; a famous Slovakian mint; a traditional Japanese inn; a Japanese construction company; an Austrian restaurant and wine cellar; the principal harbour in northern Scotland; a Finnish-Swedish pulp and paper manufacturer; a not-quite 1000-year-old brewery company in Belgium; a popular tourist spot in Poland that once was a salt mine; once a monastery-operated brewery in Munich which is still brewing popular brands;

b) Which of the above companies was founded in …

_____ 578 A.D.;	_____ 1040;	_____ 1136;
_____ 718 A.D.;	_____ 1044;	_____ 1288;
_____ 803 A.D.;	_____ 1074;	_____ 1328?

Task 9. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following words.

1. to fold;	14. to merge with;	27. to be rumoured to;
2. to rally;	15. to be owned by;	28. to feed the masses;
3. to end up;	16. to be way down;	29. to help trade thrive;
4. to survive;	17. to be attached to;	30. to retain one’s name;
5. to blow up;	18. to be in business;	31. to fall under reforms;
6. to start out;	19. to be licensed by;	32. to pass through doors;
7. to take over;	20. to be founded by;	33. to lie within the walls;
8. to date back;	21. to suffer damage;	34. to popular tourist spot;
9. to be in debt;	22. to cease business;	35. to start going downhill;
10. to deter trade;	23. to be in operation;	36. to bring back up to par;
11. to press paper;	24. to be absorbed by;	37. to become somewhat famous;
12. to get reviews;	25. to cause problems;	38. to see the end of one’s long run;
13. to mine copper;	26. to attract annually;	39. to keep a company in the running.

Task 10. Seek answers to the following questions.

1. When did things in Kongō Gumi Co., Ltd start going downhill? What were the problems caused by?

2. Were the company’s revenues way down by 2004?

3. By what year were the company’s revenues $343 million in debt?

4. When did this Japanese company see the end of its long run?

5. Did it end up being absorbed by another construction company?

6. Which company took over the “World’s Oldest Continuously Operating Company” title when Kongō Gumi Co. folded?

7. Since what time has this traditional Japanese inn been in operation?

8. Is Hōshi a family business?

9. For how many generations has it been in the same family so far?

10. What restaurant and wine cellar lies within the walls of St. Peter’s Archabbey in Salzburg, Vienna?

11. Since what time has it been feeding the masses?

12. What reviews does the redtaurant consistently get from the travelers who pass through its doors?

13. What pretty impressive travelers are rumored to have eaten at Stiftskeller St. Peter?

14. What Bavarian brewery was licensed by the city in 1040?

15. Was the Weihenstephan Brewery of Bavaria attached to the monastery?

16. What happened to the monastery in 1803? Did the brewery survive in the times of Napoleon?

17. What distinguishes Weihenstephan Brewery of Bavaria from other establishments of the kind?

18. What Polish salt mine has become a popular tourist spot?

19. Where is it located?

20. How many visitors does it attract annually? Are there famous people among its visitors?

21. Since what time has the Wieliczka Salt Mine been open?

22. Is it still producing salt?

23. Who was Affligem Abbey brewery of Belgium founded by?

24. What company is this brewery now owned by?

25. Did the brewery retain its name? Did it help to keep the not-quite 1000-year-old company in the running?

26. What is the principal harbour in northern Scotland?

27. Since what time has it been in operation? Has it always been successful?

28. Why did Aberdeen Harbour deter trade in the region for years?

29. Does it deter trade or help it thrive these days?

30. Is Michael Scott a television character?

31. Why would he be delighted to know that a paper company has been in business since 1288?

32. Has Dunder Mifflin or Stora Enso been in business since 1288?

33. Did Stora Enso start out pressing paper or mining copper?

34. When did Stora finally cease the copper mining business? When did it merge with Enso?

35. What year does Augustiner Brewery of Munich date back?

36. Did this monastery-operated brewery fall under Napoleon’s reforms during 1803?

37. What did the monks do when the state took over this monastery-operated brewery?

38. Did it suffer a lot of damage during World War II?

39. What are some of the brands brewed by Augustiner Brewery of Munich, which some people would drink just for the name?

40. Why did Kremnica ducats become somewhat famous?

41. Who blew up the Kremnica Mint’s equipment?

42. Who rallied to bring the machinery and building back up to par?

Task 11. Translate the following sayings. Choose one to comment on.

1. “People are definitely a company’s greatest asset. It doesn’t make any difference whether the product is cars or cosmetics. A company is only as good as the people it keeps.” (Mary Kay Ash)

2. “Band for a company is like a reputation for a person. You earn reputation by trying to do hard things well.”(Jeff Bezos)

3. “Today, many companies are reporting that their number one constraint on growth is the inability to hire workers with the necessary skills.” (Bill Clinton)

4. “If we only have great companies, we will merely have a prosperous society, not a great one. Economic growth and power are the means, not the definition, of a great nation. (Jim Collins)

5. “Small and mid-sized companies in this country historically have been responsible for creating the overwhelming majority of new jobs in the private sector. One of the most-common misconceptions about our private enterprise system is that large companies, such as the Fortune 500, are integral to the process of job creation in this country. The truth is quite the opposite.” (Michael Milken)

6. “The future of our country is not found in our boardrooms, but in our classrooms.” (Michael Milken)

7. “Successful enterprises are usually led by a proven chief executive who is a competent benevolent dictator.” (Richard Pratt)

8. “Globalization has gone wrong, as it has no rules. Multinationals are almost above the law. They are so huge they are bigger than governments.” (Dick Smith)

9. “If we are not careful, capitalism will self-destruct. We will destroy it as the companies have no conscience and do not really compete. They are so big they can’t go broke, so they simply acquire everything.” (Dick Smith)

10. “The fact of the matter is that today, stuff-selling mega-corporations have a huge influence on our daily lives. And because of the competitive nature of our global economy, these corporations are generally only concerned with one thing… the bottom line. That is, maximizing profit, regardless of the social or environmental costs.” (David Suzuki)

Task 12. Say what you know about …

1. Subsidiaries and groups of companies.

2. Some of the oldest companies and their present-day activities.