- •Contents Введение
- •Why you should study English pronunciation
- •Interview advice
- •Unit 3 Intonation
- •3. 1 Intonation and its Functions
- •3.2 Components of Intonation (Prosody)
- •3.3 Static and Kinetic Tones
- •3.3.1 Classification
- •3.3.2 Functions
- •3.4 The structure of the intonation groups
- •4.1 The Rising Tone
- •4.1.1 Forms of the Rising Tone:
- •4.4.2 Functions of the Rising tone:
- •4.2 The Falling Tone
- •4.2.1 Forms of the Falling tone
- •4.2.2 Functions of the Falling tone
- •4.3 The Falling-Rising Tone
- •4.4 The Rising-Falling Tone
- •5.1 Utterance stress and its distribution in an utterance
- •Semantic factor
- •Rhythmic factor
- •Ex. 1 Stress in compound adjectives.
- •Memory work
- •5.2 Peculiarities of English utterance stress. Content and function words. Weak and strong forms
- •Ex. 3 Weak forms of was /wɒz/ and were /wɜ:/ with the Past Continuous
- •5.3 Degrees of utterance stress
- •6.1 Regularity of stresses. Instability of syllable duration
- •6.2 The influence of rhythm on word stress and utterance stress.
- •Speech Exercises
- •7.1 Principles of the Classification of Head Types
- •7.2 The Gradually Descending Stepping Head
- •7.3 The High Head
- •7.4 The Broken Descending Stepping Head
- •7.5 The Ascending Stepping Head
- •7.6 The Low Head
- •7.7 The Sliding Head
- •7.8 The Scandent (or Climbing) Head
- •8.1 Basic intonation patterns of English
- •8.2 The Rising Tone Pattern
- •Ex. 6 Learn to say large numbers.
- •8.3 The Falling Tone Pattern
- •Ex. 1 Practise saying times. Follow the model:
- •Ex. 3 For each of a’s utterances there are two responses for b. Choose the one which would be spoken with High Fall, and the other with Mid Fall. Read out both.
- •8.4 The Falling-Rising Tone Pattern
- •8.5 The Rising-Falling Tone Pattern
- •9.1 Emphatic tones
- •9.2 Emphatic nuclear tones
- •Speech Exercises
- •Ex. 3 Showing degrees of enthusiasm:
- •9.3 Irregular preheads
- •Speech Exercises
- •9.4 Stress Reduction. Nuclear Tone-Shift
- •Speech Exercises
- •Idioms, rhymes, tongue-twisters
- •Практическая фонетика английского языка
- •246019, Г. Гомель, ул. Советская, 104
Ex. 6 Learn to say large numbers.
999 – nine hundred and ninety-nine; 9, 999 – nine thousand, nine hundred, and ninety-nine;
99, 999 – ninety-nine thousand, nine hundred, and ninety-nine; 999, 999 – nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand, nine hundred, and ninety-nine; 9, 999, 999 – nine million, nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand, nine hundred, and ninety-nine.
Say the numbers: 3, 888, 222; 535, 583; 34, 567; 1, 335; 985; 10, 852; 1, 132, 356; 94, 236; 518, 599; 967; 9, 966; 74, 735; 636, 706.
Ex. 7 Show the movement of the voice graphically:
Low Rise (LR) only: Yes.
LR +tail: Isn’t it?
(Low prehead+)high head+LR(+tail): I’ll 'try to be ‚quicker.
(low prehead+) stepping head+LR(+tail): I’ve 'only 'got to 'buy something for ‚dinner.
(low prehead+) High Rise (+tail): 'Don’t you your’self ˙want to go?
Ex. 8 a) match the right verbal context with the answer; b) pronounce the drills with the tone variety proposed in the left column; c) choose the right epithet describing the way you sound.
Table 7
Scale + tone |
How you sound |
Statement |
Special Question |
General Question |
Imperative |
Exclamation |
|
Verbal context: Have you heard about Max? You must do it this way. What shall I do to improve my English? Shall I ring the bell? Do you do your morning exercises? Richard’s due at eleven o’clock. I thought she was pretty. (Father to small son who is riding his bicycle too fast. I’ve passed my exam. I hate climbing ladders. Alice is on the phone. I just can’t quite manage it. Have a good holiday. Shall I buy the TV set? Benny is eager to have a rabbit. Hanry Sandford is my brother-in-law. Shall I read the words? I’ve arranged your lecture for tomorrow. Everybody thinks it’s magnificent. |
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Low Rise only |
Not categoric, calmly warning, encouraging further conversation, wondering, non-final, soothing, disapproving, interested, reserving judgement, mildly puzzled, airy, soothing, expressing calm and casual acknowledgement, echoing, calling for repetition |
No. |
How? |
|
Read. |
Please! |
|
Low Rise +Tail |
Sometimes. |
When is he due? |
Did you? |
Slowly. |
Wonderful! |
||
(Low prH+)high head+LR(+tail) |
It’s all right. You won’t fall. |
Who does she want to speak to? |
|
Well, keep trying. |
And you. |
||
(low prH+) st.head+LR(+tail) |
If you don’t find it too expensive. |
Where do you intend to keep the animal? |
Is your brother-in-law a doctor? |
Be careful to pronounce distinctly the word “thirteen” |
Terribly sorry for giving you all that trouble. |
||
(low prH+) High Rise (+tail) |
|
|
Everybody? |
|
|
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