
2.4 Australian English
Australia - one of the countries in which national identity has evolved through the equality of cultures and languages of its peoples .
Australian English (Australian English) is a linguistic identity marker Australia and its liberation from British colonialism . In addition, Australian English allows holders of different languages to communicate and interact in the Australian community , making it a model of communication adopted in their first languages and cultures .
Australians are very proud of their English language option . " If England are several different accents , we have only two - city and Crocodile Dundee " - they are joking . But it is necessary to pass through different Australian cities, as it turns out , it was a joke is far from the truth. For example, a resident of Brisbane can understand only if he will speak twice slower than usual , and the residents of Adelaide speak so slowly that they can understand even a novice to learn the language . Undoubtedly , a variety of dialects and their severity in Australia are not as bright and clear as in the UK, although the area of Australia is 30 times more than the UK. In dialects expressed no grammatical differences , and differences in word usage are not so great : so buggy called "stroller" in the state of New South Wales and South Australia's pusher . Pretty hard to judge from what is the area or that person by the way he says ( although some localism , words and expressions can sometimes indicate where the person comes from .)
Decided to allocate on the basis of phonological features three varieties of Australian English : cultivated ( cultivated dialect , which is spoken by about 10 % of the population , it still has a huge impact RP), General ( common dialect spoken by the majority of the population ) and the Broad ( " a " dialect uneducated part of the population with severe deviations from standard English in phonetics , the vocabulary and grammar ) . As in other languages plyuritsentricheskih , features standardized options used by people with higher socio -economic and educational status , are basically the same and can be observed in any region of the country ( Kretinina , 1995:31 ) . Thus, the " cultured " Australian English closest to the British variant , and "wide " Australian differs most from it.
It some people speaking Cultivated Australian, it is perceived as imitating the educated population of the southern areas of the UK . In its extreme form this dialect is perceived speak other dialects as " artificial ," unnatural , cutesy ( Arakin , 2001:302 ) .
"Wide " dialect - is the opposite extreme , it says in Australia about 30 % of the population , and that it is perceived as Australian twang (" nasal Australian accent " ) ( Koptelova , 2000:36 ) . This emphasis sounds from the mouth of heroes such actors as Paul Hogan ( " Crocodile Dundee " ) and Barry Humphries , depicting typical Australians wilderness , men of the people , uneducated and rude .
At the general dialect , combines group dialects without sharply defined features , says the majority of the population.
Some scholars have identified a " modified varieties of Australian English " ( Goldenkov , 2000:97 ) . It is defined in the dictionary of Australian English Makkvori as " a pronunciation in Australian English, in which Australians seek to imitate speech of British high society and which is seen as melodramatic and unacceptable ."
" An increasing number of people are " average " Australian English varieties , and fewer people are " cultured "and" wide "variety " ( Crystal 2001:65 ) . " Cultured " species associated with British colonial tradition , and " broad " is identified with the old myth that real Aussie living close to nature , and Australia - a country of wide open spaces , despite the fact that it is the most urbanized country in the world ( Kretinina , 2002:62 ) . It is believed , however, that the rural form of " broad" Australian English (Rural Australian English) " wider " than the city (Urban Australian English). Than " broader " variety , the more it deviates from the standard ( Koptelova , 2000:61 ) .
Differs significantly from the Australian standard speech of people for whom English is not a native , sometimes it is perceived as foreign or "too British" ( Kretinina , 2003:61 ) .
Despite the fact that cultural diversity does not destroy the unity of Australian English , there is an increasing existence expressed ethnolect used by generations of immigrants. Suspected source of origin of these ethnolect - this is English , characterized by features of pronunciation and grammar, typical of first-generation immigrants and second-generation immigrants used in communication between parents and children or parents and their parents.
Standard British English traditionally supported in Australia through a network of institutions of British origin . He supported the Church of England ( the second largest church after the Roman Catholic ) , the system of jurisprudence. This species studied English in the oldest elite universities and private schools ( enrollment of up to one third of all students ) , especially in schools connected with the British and other English-speaking Protestant churches . Until recently it has been used by public radio and television stations , radio and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (the Australian Broadcasting Corporation).
Most of his stories Australian English Australian elite considered as " bad English " : ugly , monotonous , lazy, sloppy and unpleasant ( Kretinina , 2003:60 ) .
Studies comparing treatment of the three varieties of Australian English pointed to improving relations Australian English . Some changed their preference for British English, Australian English . Others, especially older people , belonging to the middle class , are still evaluating RP higher than Australian English . Observed general improvement in relation to the "common " variety of Australian English and worsening relations to " cultured " variety , attitude to a "broad " Australian remains almost unchanged ( Kretinina , 2003:70 ) .
Differences appeared in the system name of the form associated with the category number . For example, in the British version of the word data - " data, information " has the plural as well as unique. There are also differences in the use of verbs shall - will, should - would, namely : shall remain in use only in the incentive and interrogative forms : Shall we go?, You shall do that! Would replaced should practically everywhere : I wouldn't be so sure of that; What for would I do that, Susie?
Obsolete forms in England whilst - amongst still in vogue in Australia along with similar to them, but more modern while - among. Around = round is used to mean " in a direction approximately in all the directions ." Australia may use both forms : disinterested / uninterested. As in Britain , different drink to / from.
In Australia, there are three varieties of pronunciation Great Australian (English), Broad Australian (English) and Cultural Australian (English). Below are the most common characteristics and are normative dialect Broad Australian (English).
Australian version of English is very diverse, and bears the features and the American and British variants . Moreover, the problem is complicated by the presence of three different types of peer pronunciation. Although in most cases this differentiation does not lead to a complication of the communicative process , and is the only criterion for determining social status.