1. Identify modal verbs in every sentence. Analyze them:

1. For the first time in history the scientists can produce high-lysine corn.

2. Wheat may be harvested with the binder, the header, or the combine harvester.

3. You will have to learn a lot about the particular area of your job.

4. The ability of the no-till method to control erosion even on hilly lands also means it can open millions of acres to productive farming that previously had to be kept fallow or in pasture.

5. Factories needn't use so much water; they must learn to re-use it.

2. Combine the following verbs with modals; translate the word combinations:

To produce, to increase, to protect, to require, to establish, to direct

3. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the use and translation of modal verbs:

1. Selection of wrong insecticide could bring disaster.

2. Scientists are beginning to understand that botanical prospecting can open up large areas of the world now hidden in forests or tropical jungles

3. To use the automatic planting machines successfully one should grade the seed tubers carefully before planting.

4. The way of keeping the water in the rivers, lakes and seas clean must be found.

5. All forest roadbuilding should be carried out cautiously.

4. Transform the sentences into past tense:

1. The local climate, in which three harvests a year can be grown, made it possible to carry on selection work very quickly.

2. New ways of using water from the sea must be found.

3. Humus losses may reduce soil fertility.

4. Any soil can become fertile if we remove the causes of infertility.

5. Water may cause serious erosion on steep slopes.

5. Ask questions to the sentences:

1. The moisture content of the grain should be not more than 14 per cent at the time of harvesting..

2. Rates of seed should be increased a little when wheat is seeded late.

3. The increase in crop yields can be done by applying fertilizers.

4. No success can be achieved by applying the same chemical to control different weed species.

5. All herbicides must be thoroughly mixed with the soil at the time of application.

TEST-6

Choose the proper definition for each term:

1. high education a) a person who engage other people in work

2. degree b) training in some speciality obtained at a university

3. requirement c) ability to use one’s knowledge effectively in doing something

4. employer d) a title obtained by a student after graduating from a university

5. skill e) something necessary or needed

Complete the sentences with the necessary words:

6. Soil is each county’s most valuable … .

a) resource

b) shelter

c) activity

7. Acriculture produces …, clothing and other necessary materials.

a) stock

b) food

c) area

8. Ukraine may become a leading … and exporter of agricultural products.

a) produce

b) production

c) producer

9. The demand for specialists in agriculture … .

a) respects

b) causes

c) increases

10. The Faculty of Ecology and Nature Resources Use … skilled specialists.

a) acquires

b) requires

c) trains

11. If you study for 4 years you will get a degree of … .

a) Bachelor

b) Specialist

c) Master

12. A … in one of professions is fast becoming the minimum qualification.

a) title

b) degree

c) job

13. Employers are now looking for … in the workplace.

a) opportunities

b) choice

c) skills

14. One of the necessary key skills is … .

a) communication

b) information

c) improving

15. The … where your knowledge may be necessary are the following: agriculture, chemical industry, sciences, education and so on.

a) husbandry

b) forestry

c) branches

16. Harvesting can … with different machines.

a) do

b) be done

c) done

17. Perfect crops of wheat can be … on heave loams and clays.

a) grow

b) grew

c) grown

18. Plants … annuals, biennials and perennials.

a) may be

b) may

c) be

19. Plants … enough water, nutrients, heat, air and light.

a) must

b) must to have

c) must have

20. We can … the humus content at a high level by using manure and compost.

a) to maintain

b) maintain

c) maintaining

21. Organic matter … be added to every type of soil.

a) have

b) should

c) to

22. To determine the soil texture you … make mechanical analysis.

a) must

b) must to

c) to

23. There was too little water in the soil and the plants … grow well.

a) cannot

b) could not

c) could

24. Last year we …apply much more fertilizers than usually.

a) must

b) had

c) had to

25. We … obtain good yield of tomatoes but late frost damaged the plants.

a) may

b) might

c) had

LIST OF TEXTS FOR INDEPENDENT READING

1. HISTORY OF SOIL SCIENCE

2. DARWIN, CHARLES ROBERT

3. VARIATIONS IN ORGANISMS

4. SOIL: ECOLOGICAL ASPECT

5. PROSPECTING WITH PLANTS

6. GREEN FACTORIES

7. DO YOU KNOW THAT ...

8. CEREAL CROPS

9. WHEAT IN THE USA

10. THE EXPERIMENT ON WHEAT SEEDING DEPTH IN CANADA

11. NEW HYBRID WHEATS IN AUSTRALIAN FIELDS

12. CORN

13. GROWING CORN CONTINUOUSLY ON THE SAME FIELD

14. SEED POTATO PRODUCTION IN ENGLAND

15. ULTRA NARROW ROW SOY-BEAN PLANT1NGS ARE COMING

16. A NEW HYBRID

17. THE WAY TO VICTORY OVER HUNGER IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

18. COTTOW-GROWING FARM

19. NEW LOOK AT HYDROPONIC CULTURE

20. AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS

21. MINIMUM TILLAGE

22. SOME FARMERS IN USA STOP USING PLOW TO GET BETTER CROPS

23. ADVANTAGES OF NO-TILLAGE PLANTING

24. AGRICULTURE IN BRITAIN

25. BRITAIN’S FORESTS

26. TOMORROW'S FARM

27. SOIL AND WATER DEVELOPMENTS OF NEXT HALF CENTURY

28. LAND, AIR AND WATER POLLUTION— ITS FUTURE IMPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

29. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS IN THE FUTURE

30. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

31. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING IN THE USA AND BRITAIN