Question 10

Questions can be divided into yes-no questions (also known as polar questions) and wh- questions (also known as constituent questions), according to the expected answer. As the name implies, the answer to a yes-no question is either 'yes' or 'no.' The answer to a wh- question is expressed by a constituent that corresponds to the wh- phrase in the question. Wh- phrases are so called because they generally begin with wh- in English (who, what, which, where, when, why). How counts as a wh- expression by virtue of its meaning, even though it doesn't begin with wh-. The term wh- phrase is standardly used even for languages other than English.

Direct questions are main clauses, whereas indirect questions are part of a larger matrix sentence. Direct questions are generally used to elicit information. They are associated with characteristic intonation contours, which are represented in standard orthography by a question mark. Indirect question are generally used to report about direct questions and are not associated with a special intonation.

(1)		Yes-no question			Has he called?		{ Yes, no. }
(2)	a.	Wh- question			Who just came in?		The boy from next door.
	b.			Who(m) did you invite?		All my friends.
	c.			When did she call?		After dinner.
	d.			Why did he do that?		Out of ignorance.
	e.			How did you fix it?		With the right tool.

Questions 4 & 8 & 22.

After prepositions we use -ing forms, not infinitives.

You can't live without eating. I usually watch TV before going to bed.

We often use -ing forms (also called 'gerunds') as subjects - more often than infinitives.

Smoking is bad for you. (More natural than Io smoke is bad for you.)

Swimming is good exercise. We can put objects after -ing forms.

Learning languages is difficult and tokes time. In notices, you often see No before -ing forms.

NO SMOKINC NO WAITING

After some verbs we use -ing forms. Some of these verbs are: keep (on) (= 'continue ,not stop'), finish, stop, give up G ,stop for habits), go, can't help (='can't stop myself), suggest, practice, enjoy, love, like, dislike,),hate.

After love, like and hate we can also use infinitives with to with the same meaning.

I love singing. = I love to sing.

When we have preposition + verb, we must use an -ing form.

The children are tired of going to the same place every summer. We use by ...ing and without...ing to say how people do something. After before, after and since, we can use an -ing form or subject + verb.