KazakhLeadingAcademy of Architecture and Civil Engineering
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Englishas a foreign language Department of General Humanitarian Training
Intermediate level Academic year: 2012-2013
2 credits The 3rd term
Practical lesson 27
Lexical theme:Science and scientists.
Grammar: “used to”
Assistant of Professor Nussipaliev Nurzhan Serikovich
Science crossword. Please, complete the crossword puzzle. Clues down
4. Energy, force. 1. Without it, things remain theories.
7. Scientific work in new fields. 2. To become solid.
8. A source of salt. 3. Mr. Nobel created one for physics.
9. A unit of electrical resistance. 4. Men whose field of work is physics.
11. A new exercise carried out by a scientist. 5. Unwanted matter.
12 & 13 A serious problem affecting forests. 6. It occurs when certain chemicals are brought together.
14. Carbon monoxide. 10. The profession in which we find doctors and nurses. (adj.)
16. Where many scientists do their work. 12. Chemical symbol for a precious metal associated with the
Klondike.
19. Very small unit of living matter. 15. Functional part of a living body 20. Unit of electrical power.
21. Liquid necessary for most forms of life.
Grammar
We use used to to talk about:
repeated actions in the past:
I used to get up at six every morning.
past states:
I used to live in the country.
• Used to emphasizes that these actions or states are no longer true:
I used to get up at six (but now I get up later).
I used to live in the country (but now I live in town).
• Instead of used to, we can use the Past simple tense:
I get up at six when I was at school.
• Forms of used to:
I |
used to didn’t use to |
play with dolls |
Did you use to play with dolls? |
||
Note: We can also say used not to, but this sound not formal.
• Used to only used in the past, and has no present form,=. Not the difference between:
- I used to ride a bike. (= I rode a bike earlier, but I don’t now).
- I’m used to riding a bike. (= I often do it, I accustomed to it).
Right or wrong? Correct the wrong sentences.
When I was child I was playing in the street a lot.
She used to have short hair but now it’s long.
Nowadays at weekends I use to stay at home.
You didn’t use to smoke, did you?
Where did you use to live when you were a student?
There use to be a cinema there but it close down.
He doesn’t like talking his car abroad because he’s not used to drive on the right.
Practice. Make sentences with used to.
________________________________ when I was younger. (I/have long hair)
________________________________ when you were a teenager? (you/smoke)
________________________________ until he broke his leg last year. (he/ski a lot)
________________________________ but we bought one last year. (we not have a car)
________________________________ when she was a child? (she/be good at sport)
________________________________ when he lived in London. (he/ not drive)
________________________________ before they were married? (they/ go out more)
________________________________ until I got contact lenses. (I/ were glasses)
Reading
W
HO
invented the first
computer? And when?
The answer will surprise you: it was
Charles Babbage, in the year 1832.
Babbage, who was born in
London in 1791, was a great mathematical genius.
He was a natural inventor, and invented all sorts of new
products.
When he finished school, he went
to study mathematics at Cambridge University. There, while Professor
of Mathematics in this illustrious university, he designed his
"first difference engine".
This was, basically, a hand-operated mechanical calculator.
He took nine years to build a part of the machine. This machine, which is in the London Science Museum, can make complex mathematical calculations.
It is a basic mechanical computer. Babbage dreamed however of more complicated machines. In fact, he did not only dream; he began to design them. The result was a series of "analytical engines" which were in fact powerful computers! His designs contained processors (he called them "mills"), control units, a memory (he called it a store), and an input/output system. These are the four essential parts of a modern mathematical computer! Alas, Babbage was born 100 years too soon! His "second difference engine" could not use electricity, since this had not yet become a usable source of power; so Babbage had to make do with mechanical systems. For this reason, the machine was big and very complicated, and very expensive. Though Babbage produced complete plans for the machine, he could not build it. It was too sophisticated for its age! It was not until almost 160 years later that Babbage's "second difference engine" was finally manufactured. The first working version of this machine was built by the Science Museum in London, for the Babbage bicentenary in 1991. It can now be seen at the Museum; a second machine was then built for an American high-tech millionnaire, who put it in the Computer History Museum, in Mountain View,California. Babbage's analytical engines could have used "programmes" like those used in the textile industry to make complicated patterns; but they were never built. This brilliant mathematician really was too far ahead of his time!
Explain: Can you explain, in English, the following words and expressions?
an inventor
mathematics
a university
a memory
mechanical systems
a museum
a millionnaire
the textile industry
Speaking
Answer the following questions from the text.
Whom was the first computer invented by?
Where did he study?
What did he first design?
Did his dream become a true?
Making conversation
Your childhood
Ask a partner about his/her childhood with Did you use to…?+ an expression from the box. Ask for more information.
A When you were a child, did you use to watch a lot of TV?
B Yes, I did. But I don’t watch TV any more.
A What was your favourite programme?...
When you were a child, did you use to…?
share a bed watch a lot of TV
be ill a lot hate any particular food
do any sport fight with your brother/ sister
play in the street visit your grandparents
like school be afraid of anything
eat a lot of sweets have a favourite pop group/ singer
Listening[1, tapescript 7.4]
You will hear people talking about inventions, and saying whether they think they have a good or bad effect on people’s lifestyle.
a Which invention is each speaker talking about?
Does he/she think the effect has been good or bad?
b Think of an argument that gives a different point of view about each invention.
Writing
Think about the police, health and education services in your country. Give a mark out of 10 for each.
Compare your marks with your partner’s.
|
Mark out of 10 |
Notes |
Police |
|
|
Health |
|
|
Education |
|
|
Questions for computer based test
1.Choose the right variant
I was brought up on a farm, so ______hard work.
a) used
b) used to
c) I'm used to
d) getting used to
2. Choose the right variant
I lived in the country for 20 years, but I'm slowly ________ to living in a city.
a) am used
b) getting used
c) get used
d) to get used
3. Choose the right variant
When I was a student I ______speak German.
a)used to
b)use to
c)got to
d) was to
4. Choose the right question
My brother used to eat chocolates when he was 5.
a) Does my brother used to eat any chocolates when he was 5.
b) Did my brother used to eat any chocolates when he was 5.
c) Did my brother use to eat any chocolates when he was 5.
d) Will my brother used to eat any chocolates when he was 5.