Lecture 28

Social-political movements in Kazakhstan (80-90-s)

The objective of the lecture: To show of State Independence and national election of President. Differences between Constitutions of 1993 and 1995.

Outline of the lecture:

1. Declaration of State Independence. National election of President.

2. Constitutions of 1993 and 1995. Foundation of multiparty system.

Declaration of State Independence. National election of President.

After declaration of Sovereignty of Kazakhstan, the National election of President was needed.

According Decree of the Supreme Soviet of Kaz.SSR (from October 16, 1991) the National election of President was appointed on December 1,1991. It was first National election of the head of State. “Law about election of President” was adopted, and candidature of N.Nazarbayev was represented. Biography: He was born in 1940 in Chemolgan village of Kaskelen region, Almaty oblast. He has high education, engineer, doctor of economy sciences. His labour activity began in 1960 as a worker in Temirtau (Karaganda region). In 1969-1971 he was the first Secretary of Temirtau gorcom Komsomol, in 1971 the second Secretary of Temirtau gorcom of party. In 1979-1984 he was a Secretary of CC CPK. In 1984 he was appointed a Chairman of the Council of Ministries of Kazakhstan. In June 1989 he was assigned the first Secretary of CC CPK. In April, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of Kaz.SSR elected him a President of Kaz.SSR. On National elections on December 1, 1991, N.Nazarbayev was elected a President of Kazakhstan, E.M.Asanbayev – a Vice-president.

On December 10,1991 according decision of Supreme Soviet, Kaz.SSR was renamed in Republic of Kazakhstan (RK).

Towns, streets, squares were renamed. The names of national heroes, baryrs were returned: Abylay, Kabanbay, Shakarim, Tolebi and others.

On December 12, 1991 Decree “About rehabilitation citizens, which took part on 17-18 December events 1986” was signed. On December 16, 1991 “Law about Independence of Kazakhstan” was adopted.

Chapter I declared, that Kazakhstan is an Independence, democratic, legal state. Kazakhstan had full power on own territory. Define internal and external policy. The territory of Kazakhstan is indivisible and inviolability.

Chapter II. Citizens of Republic any nationality, religion, origination, social and property statute, occupation possess all rights and duties. Kazakhs, which left Kazakhstan, can receive Kazakhstan citizenship. One of the main duties of the state is a revival and development of culture, traditions and language of Kazakhs and other nationalities.

Chapter III. Structure of organs of State power of RK was defined. President is a head of RK.

Chapter IV. Economy basis of Independence Republic was defined. State possesses by independence economic system, which based on multitude and equality forms of property. RK has own state symbols: insignia, flag, national anthem.

Kazakhstan was recognized by many states. On March,2,1992 RK became a member of UNO.