1. 8 J Say whether the following statements are true or false. Comment your

answer.

1. The cost and quality of care in the United States are frequently the two major issues of discussion.

2. A publicly funded health care system is universally implemented in the USA.

3. US spending on health care is the greatest in the world.

4. Of all developed nations, the health care system of the United States has the highest degree of privatization.

5. With the introduction of Medicare and Medicaid the United States took actions to improve access to health services.

6. The chief scientific problems facing American medicine differ greatly from those in Ukraine.

7. All Americans have private insurance which include health insur­ance, life insurance, disability protection and retirement benefits.

8. Profit-making corporations deliver more economical and higher quality medicine.

9. It is well known that specialists charge more for diagnosing and treating a condition than would a general practitioner with the same condition.

10. The present system for financing medical care in the USA is di­verse — self-payment, government and payment through private insurance.

j 9 [Answer your friend’s questions. Use in your answers the words and word

combinations given in brackets.

1. What kinds of hospitals are found in the USA? (приватні лікарні, фінансовані урядом)

2. What is the most fundamental challenge confronting health care system in the USA? (СНІД)

3. What forced the federal government to develop such programs as Medicare and Medicaid? (відсутність страхування)

4. What is Medicaid? (надає медичну допомогу бідним амери­канцям)

5. What is Medicare? (надає медичну допомогу літнім людям)

6. What will be improved with providing information system? (вар­тість і ефективність медичних послуг)

7. What fundamental shift is it necessary to make in the US health care system? (від надання медичних послуг до створення умов для здоров ’я)

8. What contributes to the growth of health care expenditures? (приватний сектор, нові технології)

10. Ask your friend questions to obtain information about:

• Most expensive health care

• Increased health care expenditures

• Private health insurance

• Federal program Medicaid

• Federal program Medicare

• Department of Health and Human Services

• Absence of a federal board of health

• Responsibilities of the Food and Drug Administration

• Responsibilities of Health Care Research and the Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

• Gaps in access to and quality of care

• Major challenges confronting US Health Care System

• Control health care expenditures

• Shift from providing health care to producing health

11. [Answer the following questions.

1. Do all industrialized countries have publicly funded health care?

2. Why is US health care the most expensive in the world?

3. What parts of American population have health insurance?

4. What forced the federal government to develop Medicaid and Medicare programs?

5. How is the United States health care organized?

6. What was the Department of Welfare and Health transformed into?

7. What are the agencies of the Public Health Service?

8. What difficulties does the health care system in the USA have?

9. What is the most fundamental challenge confronting the health care system in the USA?

10. What will be improved with providing information systems capable of monitoring the cost and effectiveness of health services?

11. Does the health care sector resist to fundamental changes in the health care system of the country? Prove it.

12. Is it beneficial for the health of the nation when the part of re­sources liberated from health care is transferred to the sectors that can contribute to health?

{12jTranslate the following sentences into English.

1. Загальне надання медичних послуг можна досягнути через обов’язкове страхування.

2. Як лікарі, так і фармацевтична індустрія в США не мають мотивації тримати під контролем ціноутворення на ліки.

3. Деякі країни використовують повністю або частково держав­ний податок для фінансування охорони здоров’я, яким об­кладаються як працівники, так і роботодавці.

4. Реформа охорони здоров’я США 2010 року включила в обо­в’язкове медичне страхування понад 30 мільйонів бідних аме­риканців, які не мали до цього часу ніякого забезпечення.

5. Нова реформа передбачає субсидії для бідних американців, що не в змозі платити страхові внески за медицину.

6. Чимало умов реформи повинні бути введені до 2014 року і демократи бояться, що публіка може до цього часу розчару­ватися у реформі.

GRAMMAR:

FUTURE PERFECT.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

We use the Future Perfect to talk about any action that will be fin­ished before a stated future time or before another future action (we use the Future Simple here). We often use it with before, until, by, by the time, etc.:

They will have finished their meeting by four o ’clock this after­noon.

We use the Future Perfect Continuous to emphasize the duration of an action up to a certain time in the future. This tense is used with by ...for.

By the time John retires, he will have been working for the Health Service for thirty years.

They will have finished.

Will they have finished? Yes, they will./No, they won't.

They will not (won’t) have fin­ished.

He will have been working, mil he have been working? Yes, he will./No, he won’t.

He will not (won '0 have been working.