1 Translate the following sentences containing modal verbs. What do they express?

1. You must be sure that a patient has fallen asleep before you start an operation.

2. Who are these people in the waiting room? — They must be that boy’s parents.

3. Student N. had to work late yesterday, so he didn’t attend the surgical society.

4. All members of operating brigade must have their nails shortly cut.

5. Do we have to prepare this patient immediately?

6. You don’t need to buy these medicines. Our department has re­ceived them in adequate amount.

7. Visitors mustn’t smoke in the hospital.

8. Nurses don’t have to wear gloves all the time.

9. Does this patient need to be moved to another ward?

10. Mrs Hassan doesn’t need to be in a separate room.

^ j Fill in the gaps with the appropriate modal verbs. Then say what they

express in each sentence.

1. Shall I help you with checking the disposables? — No, you ... , I can manage myself.

2. “You ... run in here, it’s a Resuscitation Unit!” said the nurse to a little boy.

3. Do you need anything from the chemist’s? — No, you ... get me anything today, thank you. I’m going out myself later.

4. The donor’s blood ... be compatible with the patient.

5. Surgical instruments ... be sterilized thoroughly every time they are used.

6. With such severe oliguria (decreased urination), it ... be acute re­nal insufficiency.

7. Medical students ... wear face masks attending classes.

8. To be admitted to the surgical department for selective surgery a patient ... have his family doctor’s referral.

9. The doctor... determine the origin of the disease for its successful treatment.

10. During mental work one ... give rest to his organism (particularly to the brain and the eyes) every hour.

3. Fill in the gaps with the most suitable modal verbs.

1 You ... be late for work. — I know, I’m leaving now.

a needn’t	b must	c mustn’t
2 Jim ... lose some weight. — Then he must go on a diet.
a mustn’t	b has to	c doesn’t need to
3 Can 1 talk to you, doc, please? — Sorry, 1 an operation.		... go now. I’m late for
a mustn’t	b has to	c must
4 We ... clean the operating room immediately. It’s dirty. — I’ll help you.
a mustn’t	b need to	c don’t have to