9. Answer the following questions.

1. When was the National Health Service created?

2. What did the National Insurance Act grant in 1911?

3. What way is the NHS funded?

4. What category of physicians is responsible for the care of pa­tients?

5. Do patients have the right to choose the physician?

6. Who pays for the provision of services?

7. Where do British patients choose to be treated?

8. Is quality of health care comparable in state and private hospi­tals?

9. What kinds of health care are charged for?

10. What is the tendency of private health sector in the UK?

11. What is the aim of NHS?

10. (Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Національна служба охорони здоров’я намагається постійно вдосконалювати медичне обслуговування у Великій Британії, а уряд їй у цьому допомагає.

2. Британська система охорони здоров’я забезпечує безкоштов­ну медичну допомогу населенню Великої Британії і першу медичну допомогу тим, хто приїжджає до цієї країни.

3. Велика частина грошей надходить у систему охорони здоров’я за рахунок податків; люди також щомісячно платять певну суму як страховку.

У національній системі охорони здоров’я є три основні складові: лікарі загальної практики, лікарняні і спеціалізовані служби, а також місцеві органи охорони здоров’я.

Місцеві органи охорони здоров’я несуть відповідальність за медичну освіту, будівництво лікарень, стан навколишнього середовища, щеплення тощо.

У більшості розвинутих країн існують різні підходи як у фінансуванні системи охорони здоров’я, так і в наданні медичних послуг.

Платники податків, які надають перевагу медичним послугам у приватній системі, водночас мають сплачувати податок і до державної системи охорони здоров’я.

Варто зазначити, що національна система охорони здоров’я відіграє унікальну роль у підготовці медичних професіоналів у Великій Британії.

GRAMMAR:

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

We use the Past Perfect Simple to talk about any action that hap­pened in the past before another action (we use the Past Simple here) or before any episode in the past. We often use it with before, until and after.

The National Health Service Act was brought into operation af­ter it had received the Royal Assent in 1948.

We use the Past Perfect Continuous to talk about the duration of an action which started and finished in the past before another past action or a stated time in the past usually with since or for.

They had been working on new Health Service Law for more than 2 years.

It had received.

Had it received? — Yes, it had./No, it hadit ’t.

It had not (hadn’t) received.

They had been working.

Had they been working? — Yes, they had./No, they hadn’t.

They had not (hadn’t) been working.

lFind sentences in the Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1. Since the 1930s foreign nationals had paid for the treatment for injuries caused in a road traffic accident until the Road Traffic Act

1999 came into force to direct the charges to the insurers of the vehicles involved.

2. Foreign nationals also always received free treatment if they had legally lived in the UK for 12 months or had recently arrived to take up permanent residence.

3. The Department of Health with responsibility for the nation’s health previously had had different names and included other functions over time.

4. Dr A.J. Cronin’s highly controversial novel The Citadel, published in 1937, had fomented extensive dialogue about the severe inade­quacies of health care.

5. By 8 p.m. they had already completed the operation.

6. The patients had been waiting for hours before the doctor started the consultation.

7. A foreigner had injured his leg in a car accident, so he had to use a wheelchair for six months.

8. He had been working with the NHS for five years before he start­ed private practice.

9. Patient N. was angry. He had been arguing with his wife and the doctor for an hour.