1. Learn the following words.

accredited	[a'kreditid]	акредитований
criteria	[krai'tiaris]	критерії
performance	[psfamsns]	виконання, здійснення; продуктивність
essay	['esei]	есе; спроба
objective	[ob'c^ektiv]	мета; прагнення
experience	[ik'spiarians]	знання; досвід
comprise	[ksm'praiz]	вміщати, охоплювати
core	[b:]	основа
observe	[ob'zatv]	спостерігати
rotation	[rau'teijn]	періодичне повторення
simultaneously	^simsl'teiniesli]	одночасно
enroll	[in'rsul]	вносити до списку
gain	[gein]	здобувати
psychiatry	[sai'kaistri]	психіатрія
supervision	[,sju:p3'vi33n]	нагляд
evaluation	[î/vælju'eijn]	оцінювання, оцінка
elective	[l'lektiv]	факультативний

2. Match the following Ukrainian word combinations with the English ones.

1 вища освіта	a medical school
2 вступний внесок	b hospital insurance
3 страхування лікарняних витрат	c admission fee
4 академічна успішність	d academic achievement
5 вищий медичний учбовий заклад	e higher education

3. 1 Find sentences in the Present Continuous and translate them into Ukrainian.

1. Some teaching hospitals have specialized posts in general medi­cine.

2. The students are working now in the clinic.

3. Students study for three years in a college before they apply for admission to a medical school.

4. The first year of practical patient-care-oriented training after medi­cal school is internship.

5. The tuition fee is increasing every year.

6. In the USA a potential student must first complete an under­graduate degree in any subject before applying to a graduate medi­cal school.

Medical Education in the usa

Medical school in the United States is a four year graduate institu­tion with the purpose of educating physicians in the field of medicine.

Admission into medical school requires a four-year Bachelor’s de­gree from an accredited college or university. Many applicants obtain further education before medical school in the form of Master’s de­grees, or other non science related degrees. Admissions criteria may include overall performance in the undergraduate years and perfor­mance in a group of courses specifically required by U.S. medical schools (pre-health sciences), the score on the Medical College Ad­mission Test (MCAT), application essays, letters of recommendation and interviews.

Beyond objective admissions criteria, many programs look for candidates who have had unique experiences in community service, volunteer work, international studies, research, or other advanced de­grees. The application essay is the primary opportunity for the candi­date to describe his/her reasons for entering a medical career.

Once admitted to medical school, it takes four years to complete a Doctor of Medicine degree program. The course of study is divided into two roughly equal components: pre-clinical and clinical.

Pre-clinical study generally comprises the first two years and con­sists of classroom and laboratory instruction in core subjects such as anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, histology, embry­ology, microbiology, pathology, pathophysiology, and neurosciences. Once students successfully complete pre-clinical training, they gener­ally take Step 1 of the medical licensing boards.

The clinical component usually occupies the final two years of medical school and takes place almost exclusively on the wards of a teaching hospital or, occasionally, with community-based physicians. The students observe and take part in the care of patients under the supervision of resident and attending physicians. Rotations are re­quired in internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, family medicine, ob­stetrics/gynecology, neurology, and psychiatry. Beyond these, a vari­able number of specialty electives are required. Additionally, students are generally required to take a sub-internship rotation where they will perform duties at the intern level. During the fourth year, most medi­cal students take Step 2 of the medical licensing boards.

Many medical schools also offer joint degree programs in which some medical students may simultaneously enroll in master’s or doc- toral-level programs in related fields such as a Master in Business Administration, Master in Public Health, and Master in Health Com­munication.

Medical schools use a variety of different grading methods. Even within one school, the grading of the basic sciences and clinical clerk­ships may vary. Most medical schools use the pass/faiJ schema, rather than letter grades; however the range of grading intervals varies. The following are examples of grades used with different intervals:

• 2 intervals = Pass/Fail;

• 3 intervals = Honors/Pass/Fail;

• 4 intervals = Honors/High Pass/Pass/Fail (or ABCF);

• 5 intervals = Honors/High Pass/Pass/Low Pass/Fail (or ABCDF).

In addition, a Medical School Performance Evaluation, also called Dean’s letter, more specifically describes the performance of a student during medical school.

Upon completion of medical school, the student gains the title of doctor and the degree of M.D., but cannot practice independently until completing at least an internship and also Step 3 of the USMLE (for M.D.).

Medical education is not free in the USA. Of late medical schools are gradually increasing tuition fee in all the universities of the USA. Only a small part of students receive scholarships. The government- financed universities charge less while the tuition of the private col­leges and universities is extremely high.

Language Development

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| 1 | Find proper Ukrainian equivalents of the English words and word com­binations.

1 academic year	а предмет
2 complete	Ь стипендія
3 curriculum	с плата за навчання
4 subject	приватний
5 participate	е навчальний рік
6 internship	Г випускник медичного навчального закладу
7 tuition fee	g програма
8 scholarship	її брати участь
9 medical graduate	і завершувати
10 private	] інтернатура

j 2]Find the odd word out in each group. Explain its meaning and use it to make sentences of your own.

1 curriculum	schedule	timetable	scholarship
2 complete	finish	include	graduate
3 medical school	license	university	college
4 residency	internship	rotation	medical school