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- •Isbn 978-617-505-063-7
- •Isbn 978-617-505-063-7
- •J Learn the following words.
- •|Find sentences in the Present Simple or Past Simple and translate them
- •Into Ukrainian.
- •3 [ 2 I Match the terms and their definitions.
- •Importance, become, admission test, must pass, tuition, professional skills, 5 years, clinical training, equipped, acquire
- •Match the terms with their definitions.
- •Match the words in the list with their synonyms from the box.
- •7J Complete the sentences by filling in the gaps with the correct words or expressions.
- •! Complete the sentences by choosing appropriate prepositions from the box. Translate the completed sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Read the following comments made by students and decide whether each
- •Is for or against taking exams.
- •[Answer the following questions.
- •(Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Is she married? — Yes, she is.
- •2 Match the questions in column a with the short answers in column b.
- •3 (Complete the questions with the auxiliary verbs from the box.
- •5 Replace the underlined words with their opposites from the box. Mark sentences about yourself as true or false.
- •Look at the text below. Some part of the text is missing. Prepare questions to ask about the missing information.
- •| Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Hippocrates
- •M.I. Pyrohov
- •Learn the following words.
- •Match the words with the definitions.
- •[Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Ukrainian National o.O. Bohomolets Medical University
- •I I Match the events and the dates.
- •(Choose the correct words in bold.
- •Complete the sentences with the prepositions from the box.
- •] Match the beginnings of sentences with their endings.
- •Mark sentences as true or false. Correct false sentences.
- •| Make questions and negations as in the example.
- •| Choose the correct answer.
- •I ... Remember his name.
- •| In pairs ask and answer question using the prompts below as in the example.
- •| Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form of the Past Simple.
- •JFirst, put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple, than match the sentences beginnings with their endings.
- •(What did you do at the last English lesson? In pairs, ask and answer questions as in the example.
- •Correct the mistakes. S V
- •1 Can you do these tasks on your own?
- •Give a short presentation of a Ukrainian university you know.
- •1 Read the text and answer the questions.
- •0.0. Bohomolets
- •Learn the following words.
- •Match the following Ukrainian word combinations with the English ones.
- •1 Find sentences in the Present Continuous and translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Medical Education in the usa
- •Put the words in the right order.
- •5 Complete the following sentences choosing suitable words from the box.
- •Inform, possible end, instant
- •(Complete the sentences by filling in the gaps with the correct prepositions.
- •{Read the sentences and mark each statement true or false.
- •Choose the correct form of the verb.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or Present Continuous.
- •JMake questions in the Past Continuous using the prompts below.
- •5 Choose the correct answers.
- •I Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Read the text and say what changes you would like to be implemented in Ukraine. Changes in Postgraduate Medical Training
- •(Comment on the points 1, 5, 6, 8, 9 and compare with the Ukrainian
- •[Learn the following words.
- •Medical qualifications:
- •3 [ Match the following Ukrainian word combinations with the English ones.
- •Medical Education in Great Britain
- •Choose proper Ukrainian equivalents of the English words.
- •І Match the words and their definitions.
- •Complete the following sentences choosing suitable words from the box.
- •[Complete the following sentences choosing suitable words from the box.
- •6 | Look at the following notes and tell which can be done by computers.
- •Ask your friend questions to obtain information about:
- •I 9 jAre the following sentences true or false?
- •Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •1 Identify the tenses and match them to the correct tense descriptions.
- •I will not translate/will not be translating this article tomorrow because I’m busy.
- •We will not study/will not be studying tonight!
- •Am going to visit the dentist tomorrow.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Yes No Need more information Compare term division in Ukrainian and British universities Can you do these tasks on your own?
- •(Compare the system of entrance to medical universities in the uk and Ukraine. Pay attention to internship and residency.
- •I 3 | Give a short presentation of a uk university you know.
- •Vocational Training
- •Medical College Dress Code
- •Studies in Oxford
- •2J Match the following Ukrainian word combinations with the English ones.
- •«Use and translate them into Ukrainian.
- •History of Medicine: Part 1
- •Match the words that mean the same. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •Match these definitions with the words.
- •Insurance knowledge problem discoveries afford ailments objective
- •Fill in the gaps with the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives/adverbs in brackets.
- •J Fill in good, well, bad, badly and ill.
- •Soft — immediate — sad
- •Quiet — loud — cheerful
- •1 I Can you do these tasks on your own?
- •Dwell on the following issues.
- •Read the text and answer the questions.
- •The text will give you some information about ethical problems of medical profession. Comment on the following points.
- •Medical Profession
- •Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •Pain Relief
- •Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.
- •| Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •J Complete the following sentences choosing suitable words from the box.
- •Imbalance fracture result from medical substances described
- •Say whether the following statements are true using: I’d like to tell
- •|Translate the following sentences into English.
- •]Write the comparative and superlative forms of the following adverbs as in the example.
- •JFill in the gaps with the comparative or superlative forms of the adjective or adverb in brackets. Add any other necessary words.
- •J Read the text and answer the questions.
- •The Beginning of Anatomy
- •I 1 j Learn the following words.
- •I Find English equivalents of the Ukrainian words.
- •] Match the following names of body parts with the definitions.
- •Human Body
- •1 ]Match the following English words with the Ukrainian ones.
- •J Choose the appropriate sentence endings.
- •| Complete the following sentences choosing suitable words from the box.
- •Internal face mouth lower trunk abdominal cavity trunk upper extremity external middle brain principal lungs body neck upper skeleton
- •4J Match the conditions with the organs affected using your medical knowledge.
- •5 JFind the correct answers.
- •JSay whether the following statements are true or false.
- •I Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.
- •Make these sentences interrogative.
- •Rewrite the sentences in the Passive Voice.
- •1 Can you do these tasks on your own?
- •Nervous System. Brain and Nerves
- •Brain Centre of Nervous System
- •Movements of Breathing. Mechanism of Inhalation and Exhalation
- •| Learn the following words.
- •Translate the English word combinations into Ukrainian.
- •Skeleton
- •| Match the following Ukrainian words with the English ones.
- •Put the appropriate numerals in the gaps.
- •Match the cranial bones names with their location.
- •| Match the sentence beginnings with their endings.
- •Cavities, Systems and Organs
- •2_J Match the Ukrainian words and their translations.
- •3 IPill in the gaps with the words from the box.
- •Match the sentences beginnings with their endings.
- •Match the systems with their organs.
- •I Match the body systems with their functions.
- •1 ]Make up five sentences from each table.
- •JPut the verbs into the Past and Future Indefinite (Active or Passive).
- •| Make these sentences interrogative.
- •]Rewrite the sentences in the Passive Voice.
- •Correct the mistakes.
- •1 Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Bones of Thorax
- •Bones and Muscles
- •Cranial Bones
- •JLearn the following words.
- •Jit is interesting to know! Abbreviations and acronyms.
- •2 ] Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.
- •| Match the nouns with the appropriate verbs.
- •| Choose the appropriate endings for the sentences.
- •1 Study the table of the Continuous Tenses (Passive Voice).
- •Make the following sentences interrogative.
- •]Can you do these tasks on your own?
- •J Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Leukocytes and Lymphocytes
- •Read the texts and answer the questions.
- •Nature of Heart Beat
- •Cardiac Output
- •[Learn the following words.
- •Match the Ukrainian words/word combinations with the English equivalents.
- •Alimentary (Digestive) System
- •1 ] Match the English and Ukrainian words.
- •Write as many words as possible under the following headings.
- •Match the definitions and the terms.
- •5 J Match the sentence beginnings with their endings.
- •J Match the following terms (a) with their meanings (b).
- •]Say what organ is spoken about.
- •] Put the verbs in brackets in the correct active or passive tense.
- •Choose the correct answers.
- •Did you buy that atlas of anatomy? — No, it ... To me by my fellow student.
- •13. Was the scientist pleased with the newspaper article about him? — No, he was angry because the title of his work ... Wrong.
- •5 J Correct the mistakes.
- •JLook at the diagram of the digestive system and tell which of its organs are characterized by the descriptions given below.
- •Stomach Movements
- •2JRead the texts and answer the questions.
- •Small Intestine (Small Bowel)
- •Large Intestine (Large Bowel)
- •]Learn the following words.
- •(Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •] Match the English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones and use them in sentences of your own.
- •] Match the beginnings of sentences with their endings.
- •I Complete the sentences by choosing the appropriate prepositions. Translate the completed sentences into Ukrainian.
- •: Complete the sentences by choosing the appropriate words or expressions from the box.
- •Answer your friend’s questions. Use in your answer the words and word
- •Say whether the following statements are true or false. Comment your
- •It (the country) has established. Has it established? — Yes, it has./No, it hasn’t.
- •It has not (hasn’t) established.
- •Identify the Present Perfect in the following dialogue. Pay attention to the difference between Past Simple and Present Perfect use. Then act out this dialogue or make up your own one.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •I jCan you do these tasks on your own?
- •! Give short information on the following issues.
- •! Suggest your own conversation topic concerning health service in Ukraine.
- •2] Read the text about the Chornobyl accident and its consequences. Then answer the questions.
- •Chornobyl Disaster Effects on Human Health
- •] Learn the following words.
- •Match the terms with their definitions.
- •Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •National Health Service in the uk
- •I Match the beginnings of sentences with their endings.
- •[Complete the sentences by filling in the gaps with the correct words or expressions.
- •JComplete the sentences by choosing the appropriate prepositions. Translate the completed sentences into Ukrainian.
- •JWhat questions would you ask to obtain the following information?
- •Answer the following questions.
- •(Translate the following sentences into English.
- •It had received.
- •It had not (hadn’t) received.
- •[Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense.
- •3 (Fill in the gaps with the appropriate adverbs: before, until, after, by,
- •| Join the sentences using the words in brackets. Use the Past Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Continuous to denote the action which happened first.
- •J Give short information on the following issues.
- •J Suggest your own conversation topic concerning health service in the United Kingdom.
- •| Read the text and be ready to speak on the following issues.
- •(Read and learn the following word combinations. Translate the sentences with them into Ukrainian.
- •Centers for Disease Control and Prevention — Центри контролю та профілактики хвороб:
- •Health Care System in the usa
- •2J Match the beginnings of sentences with their endings.
- •Complete the sentences by choosing appropriate words or expressions
- •J Match the words with their synonyms from the box.
- •Complete the sentences by filling in the gaps with the correct words or expressions.
- •6] Fill in the correct words.
- •8 J Say whether the following statements are true or false. Comment your
- •Ask your friend questions to obtain information about:
- •[Answer the following questions.
- •(Find sentences in the Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous
- •J Fill in the gaps with the appropriate adverbs: before, until, by, by the
- •In of with of on into of on by with of
- •1 Can you do these tasks on your own?
- •3 I Compare the peculiarities of health service in Ukraine, the United Kingdom and the usa. Focus on the following issues:
- •Suggest your own conversation topic concerning health service in the usa.
- •2 |Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Medicaid
- •| Read the text about the foundation of health service. Then fulfil the tasks after the text. Physician
- •[Answer the following questions.
- •I Learn the following words.
- •Match the following terms with their definitions.
- •Hospitals
- •I Match the sentence beginnings with their endings.
- •5J Complete the sentences by choosing appropriate prepositions. Translate
- •What do these specialties deal with? The suggestions on the right may help you to define their areas of expertise. Make your own sentences.
- •]Match the duties and responsibilities with the hospital staff members.
- •101 What questions would you ask to obtain the following information?
- •JAnswer the following questions.
- •I Rewrite these sentences in the passive.
- •3_JChoose the appropriate tense.
- •|Give short information on the following issues.
- •JSay what doctor you would like to be. Tell your groupmates everything
- •1 JRead the text about nurses in the United States and answer the questions.
- •Types of Hospitals (Classified according to the type of service)
- •Types of Hospitals (Classified according to the type of ownership)
- •Learn the following words.
- •I • Summarize the story for the patient to check, correct and add more
- •I d review of systems s e records of earlier illnesses ; d information about parents, relatives 14 Past medical history ; 5 family history ; 6 drug history
- •[What body systems are these questions related to?
- •[ 7 |A young man was delivered to the Emergency Department with an abdominal pain. Complete the interview with the doctor’s questions.
- •JAnswer the questions.
- •[Determine the Past Perfect Passive in the following sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •JRewrite the sentence in the passive.
- •)Put the verbs in brackets into the correct active or passive tense.
- •J Correct the mistakes.
- •1 JCan you do these tasks on your own?
- •JMake up doctor’s questions for the answers and act out the dialogue. Doctor: And how long have you had this temperature?
- •Make up doctor’s questions and try to guess the diagnosis.
- •(Learn the following words.
- •[Match the English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones and use them in sentences of your own.
- •A comprehensive examination of a patient using all available laboratory and technical facilities.
- •1 Surgery is a branch of medicine which treats different pathological conditions by
- •4 | Complete the sentences by choosing appropriate words or expressions from the box. Translate the completed sentences into Ukrainian.
- •5 Match the type of surgery with its definition. Then try to group the types of surgery according to:
- •]Study the following chart with surgical instruments and fulfill the task after it.
- •Jwhat questions would you ask to obtain the following information?
- •1 Translate the following sentences containing modal verbs. What do they express?
- •Fill in the gaps with the most suitable modal verbs.
- •4 (Rephrase the following sentences using modals in as many ways as possible.
- •2J Give short information on the following issues.
- •Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Find the odd word in each group of words. Make sentences with the odd words and any other word from each group.
- •1 | Match the English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones and use them in sentences of your own.
- •JMatch the sentence beginnings with their endings.
- •3 ! Complete the sentences by fdling in the gaps with the correct words or expressions.
- •(Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.
- •Illness or injury breathing and heartbeat cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- •(Complete the following sentences by choosing the appropriate prepositions. Translate the completed text into Ukrainian.
- •I jsjsay whether the following statements are true or false. Comment your
- •LOjTranslate the following sentences into English.
- •(Translate the following sentences containing modal verbs. What do they express?
- •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate modal verbs. Then say what they
- •3 ] Fill in the gaps with the most suitable modal verbs.
- •1 ]Can you do these tasks on you own?
- •| Give short information on the following issues.
- •|Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.
- •J Read the text about emergency medicine and comment on the following.
- •Hypovolemic shock
- •Cardiogenic shock
- •Distributive shock
- •Learn the following words.
- •2J Match the following terms with their definitions.
- •Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Injuries
- •J Match the English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones and use them in sentences of your own.
- •Match the sentence beginnings with their endings.
- •J Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.
- •5 [Match the type of the wounds with their definition.
- •Match a suitable definition with each type of fracture.
- •| Complete the sentences in the text by choosing the appropriate prepositions. Translate the completed text into Ukrainian.
- •101Answer the following questions.
- •1 (Translate the following sentences into English.
- •5 ITranslate the following sentences into English using modals and their
- •I Can you do these tasks on your own?
- •Give short information on the following issues.
- •Act out this dialogue with your groupmate. Think of a continuation of this situation. Dramatize similar dialogues but with other incidents. Granny: What is the matter with you, Ann? You look pale.
- •] Discuss the following medical matters with your groupmates.
- •Injuries of Head and Face
- •Case Report
- •Learn the following words.
- •J Match the explanations and the terms.
- •(Read the following information and translate it into Ukrainian. Give some examples of these drugs.
- •JComplete each sentence with a name of a type of medicine.
- •I Can you do these tasks on your own?
- •Read the text and correct the wrong statements.
- •JTranslate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •I These terms refer to routes of drug administration. Describe in your own words what they mean and then match the terms with their definitions.
- •A drug is breathed in and absorbed through the nasal mucosa,
- •2J Choose the English equivalents of the Ukrainian words and word combinations.
- •B drug infusion a drug taking c drug administration прийом ліків
- •2 Кров’яний потік
- •Match the sentence beginnings with their endings.
- •8 JCorrect the wrong statements.
- •(Translate the following sentences into English.
- •IMorc Reading
- •Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Homoeopathy
- •Placebo
- •Match the names of drugs with the effects they produce.
- •Translate the following into Ukrainian.
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Cardiovascular Drugs
- •I miguage Development
- •I Match the words with their definitions.
- •2 Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.
- •JChoose the correct prepositions.
- •J Replace the underlined words with their synonyms from the box.
- •5 J Match the opposites and make sentences using them.
- •'Correct the following statements.
- •[Answer the following questions.
- •I [Fill in some, any, no.
- •2 [Choose the correct answers.
- •Complete the dialogue with the words and phrases from the box and act it out.
- •JRead the text and say whether the following sentences are true or false.
- •Antihypertensive Drugs
- •Read the text and say whether the following statements are true or false.
- •Calcium-Channel Blocking Drugs
- •Gastrointestinal Drugs
- •] Learn the following words.
- •2 Guess the meaning of the following words.
- •Gastrointestinal Drugs
- •2 Fill in the gaps with words and word combinations from the box.
- •I Fill in the prepositions from the box. One preposition may be used more
- •)Match each word from column a with its opposite from column b.
- •| Correct the statements below.
- •1 Read the text and render it according to the following aspects.
- •Antidiarrhoeal Drugs
- •JRead the text and say whether the following statements are true or
- •Drugs Affecting Peristalsis
- •Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •Antacids
- •Proton Pump Inhibitors Lansoprazole, Omeprazole
- •Drugs Used to Treat Infectious Diseases
- •| Learn the following words.
- •(Guess the meaning of the following words.
- •{Match the words with the definitions.
- •I an infectious disease that causes red sports on your body, and can damage an unborn child
- •Drugs that Fight Infection and Drugs that Prevent Infectious Diseases
- •1 [Fill in the gaps with words from the box.
- •Immune sulfonamides antimicrobials weakened antiserums
- •_3_| Fill in the prepositions. Use some of them twice.
- •JSay whether the following statements are true or false.
- •Answer the following questions.
- •] Translate into English.
- •Have you got patients? — I haven’t got many patients. J 1 jFill in the gaps with how much or how many to complete the questions.
- •1 Can you do this task on your own?
- •(Complete the dialogue with the words/phrases from the box and act it out.
- •Dangers and Limitations of Antibiotics
- •| Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Antibacterial Drugs: Cephalosporins
- •| Read the text and dwell on the following issues:
- •Penicillin
- •JMatch the definitions with the following words.
- •In conclusion of from against front ... To in
- •Nutrition Guidelines
- •Vitamins
- •4J Complete the sentences by choosing appropriate words or expressions
- •| Complete the sentences about vitamins with the words from the box. One word is used twice.
- •7 Look at the following products and say the source of what vitamins they are. Add some more food products.
- •8]Say whether the following statements are true or false. Comment your
- •Ish the consultation in half an hour.
- •]Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions where necessary.
- •I Can you do these tasks on your own?
- •| Give short information on the following issues.
- •JGive your friend recommendations concerning diet and vitamin supple
- •[ 1 Read the text about scurvy and render it according to the aspects bellow.
- •IRead the text and answer the questions.
- •Прикладати; приєднуватися attack [зЧагк] 1. П приступ, напад, припадок; наступ; 2. V уражати; руйнувати attempt [з tempt] п спроба, намагання attention [s'tenjn] п увага, уважність
- •2. Зовнішнє вухо; вушна раковина auscultation [p'-sksl'teijn] п
- •Автоматичний, мимовільний, спонтанний autonomic, autonomous [,n:t3'nnmik. O-.’tonsmss] adj автономний, функціонально незалежний auxiliary [oig ziljsri] 1. N помічник;
- •2. V зв’язувати, перев’язувати
- •2. Adj основний, базисний bathe [beiS] V мити, обмивати, промивати (очі, рану) bathing [ ЬеїЗіо] п промивання;
- •Родити, народжувати; терпіти beat [bi:t] п удар; поштовх; скорочення; імпульс; пульсація; 2. Убити, вдаряти, битися (про серце) beating ['bi:tirj] п пульсація, ритмічне биття
- •2. V осліпляти, сліпити blindness ['blaindnis] п сліпота blister ['blists] 1. П пухир; водяний міхур;
- •2. V прориватися, лопатися, розриватися buttock(s) l'bAtak(s)] я сідниця(і) bypass ['baiper.S] п обхід, обвід; обвідний анастомоз; штучний кровообіг; апарат штучного кровообіїу
- •2. Adj каротидний carpometacarpal joint [,ka:pa,meta'ka:pal djaintJ n п’ястково-зап’ястковий суглоб
- •2. Adj кращий, відбірний choke |tjsuk] 1. П напад ядухи; 2. Удушити; давитися; задихатися choking ['tfaukir)] я задуха; удушення;
- •2. V закривати; зачиняти closure [ кіаиза] я закриття; замикання; припинення; перегородка; змикання clot [kbt] 1. Я згусток; грудка; тромб;
- •2. V калічити; спотворювати crisis [ kraisisj, pi crises [’kraisiz] n криза; перелом у перебігу хвороби; напад різкого болю crowd [kraud] 1. П натовп; давка;
- •2. Утовпитися; юрмитися; тиснутися cruel [kru:al] adj жорстокий; болісний; тяжкий
- •2. V проходити цикл розвитку cyclic, cyclical [ saiklik, saiklikl] adj циклічний, що повторюється cytology [saftolad3i| n вчення про клітину, цитологія
- •Інформація date |’deit| п дата; період, термін date of admission ['deit ov od'mijn] n дата госпіталізації (хворого) dead [ded] adj мертвий, неживий;
- •2. V детально зупинятися, розповідати detect [di'tekt] V виявляти; викривати;
- •V дозувати
- •V подвоюватися; здвоювати drain [drein] 1. Я дренаж, дренажна
- •2. V сушити; сохнути; висихати
- •2. V падати, спадати, знижуватись fall ill [ fa:l її] V захворіти false [fo:ls] adj хибний, помилковий;
- •2. Я піст; 3. V постити(ся), голодувати fasten [fa:sn] V прив’язувати (руки, зуби); прикріплювати; стискувати
- •2. Adv натщесерце fasting cure | fa:sdi] kjua] n лікування голодуванням fat [feet] 1. N жир; 2. Adj жирний; товстий; гладкий; масний; сальний fatal [feitl] adj фатальний, неминучий; згубний
- •2. V платити гонорар; оплачувати feeble [fi:bl] adj слабкий, кволий, нікчемний
- •2. Adv гаряче; палко; збуджено; роздратовано; дуже гостро hot-air sterilizer [ hat ,єа stenlaiza] n сушильна шафа; сухий стерилізатор
- •2. V голодувати, бути голодним; дуже хотіти, жадати hurt[hott) 1. П пошкодження, ушкодження; рана, біль; образа;
- •2. V заподіяти шкоду; забити, поранити; завдати болю; ображати, зачіпати (почуття); боліти; робити боляче
- •Impression [im’prejn] п відбиток; друкування; враження improve [im'pru:V] V удосконалювати, поліпшувати impulse ['impAls] п імпульс; порив;
- •Incidence [insidans] п кількість випадків; частота захворювання
- •Inside [in'said] п середина; внутрішня частина; нутрощі (кишки, шлунок) insolubility [in,salju'biliti] п нерозчинність; нерозв’язність inspect [m'spekt] V оглядати; наглядати;
- •Intelligence quotient, iq [in'telidjans kwaujnt] n показник розумових здібностей intense [in'tens] adj напружений, інтенсивний; сильний, дужий intercellular [,mta'seljula] adj міжклітинний
- •Internist [in ta:nist] n терапевт internship [in tamjip] n інтернатура
- •Intubation [,intju'beijn] п інтубація, введення трубки (в порожнистий орган)
- •Involuntary [invalantan] adj мимовільний, ненавмисний involve [m valv] V уражати (хворобою);
- •2. V виготовляти; виробляти, оброблювати mad [mæd] 1. Я душевнохворий, божевільний, безумний; 2. Adj скажений, хворий на сказ magnification [,mægnifï'keijn] я збільшення
- •2. Уділити; вимірювати, міряти measurement [тезатаЩ] п вимір; розмір
- •Modification |,madifi'keijh] n видозмінення; зміна; модифікація moist [maist] adj вологий, вогкий moistening [ 'moist mini | n зволоження moisture [’moisljs] n волога, вологість, вогкість
- •Mucosa [mjukausa] п слизова оболонка
- •2. V потребувати needle [ ni:dl] 1. П голка; стрілка,
- •2. Adj нормальний, звичайний; стандартний nose [nauz] 1. П ніс; морда; нюх, відчуття; 2. V відчувати, нюхати
- •2. V викликати одубіння number [плтЬз] 1. П число, кількість; номер; 2. V рахувати, перераховувати
- •2. Adj числовий, чисельний numerous [’nju-.Msrss] adj численний;
- •2. V тампонувати; обгортати, запаковувати; загортати у вологе простирадло package [ разкіф] п пакет, згорток, упаковка
- •2. Adj що страждає від болю; терплячий
- •Perfection [pafekjn] и досконалість, завершеність, вищий ступінь; вдосконалення perforation [,pa:fa'reijn] п прорив; просвердлювання; перфорація; отвір perfusion [pa'fju-.Jn] п оббризкування;
- •2. F дозволяти peroxide [pa raksaidj я перекис водню persistent [pa’sistant] adj постійний; багаторічний; стійкий; наполегливий person [pa:sn] я особа, особистість; людина
- •2. V пронизливо кричати; накачувати воду
- •2. V розміщувати, встановлювати положення placenta [pb'sents], pi placentae
- •Adj повний, товстий, вгодований plural [ plural] adj численний, множинний
- •2. V колоти, проколювати; відчувати поколювання primary [ ргаїпіоп] adj початковий;
- •Проекція, проекціювання prominence [prominans] п анат.
- •2. Adj що провокує, індукує, спонукає
- •Pulsation [рді seijn] п пульсація, биття pulse [pAlsJ 1. П пульс, пульсація, биття; імпульс, поштовх; вібрація;
- •2. V пульсувати, битися pump [рлтр] 1. П насос; помпа;
- •У випромінювати; віддавати (про біль)
- •V здирати шкіру
- •V оглядати, вважати, роздивлятися
- •2. V відпочивати, покоїтися restoration [,resta reijn] n відновлення, реставрація restrict [ris'trikt] V обмежувати resuscitation [ri,sAsi'teiJ’n] n оживления;
- •V повертатися reveal [ri'VI:l] V виявляти reversible [ri'va-.Sbl] adj оборотний, двосторонній revision [гі'уізп] п перегляд; огляд; перевірка
- •Переслідування; нежить;
- •Adj що біжить, біговий running eyes ['глпіо aiz] я очі, що сльо-
- •3. Усолити
- •2. V пробувати, куштувати sanatory ['sagnatari] adj оздоровчий, лікувальний, цілющий sand jsaend] я пісок sanitary ['sasnitarij adj гігієнічний;
- •2. V ставити; встановлювати; розміщувати; припасовувати setting [ setirj] п встановлювання; запуск; загусгіння, затвердіння; відстоювання, осідання, утворення осаду
- •2. V труситись; коливатись; тремтіти; дрижати shaking ['Jeikig] п струс shape [Jeip] 1. П форма, вигляд, образ;
- •2. V шокувати; вражати shoot [fu:t] V стріляти; боліти; смикати short [Jb:t| m//короткий; короткочасний; недостатній, неповний shoulder [faulda] п плече, плечовий суглоб
- •Skill [skil[ п спритність, майстерність s£w[skin] п шкіра, епідерміс; оболонка;
- •V хропіти, хропти
- •V вистукувати, вислуховувати (стетоскопом)
- •2. V скисати; зондувати (рану); хім. Окислювати space [speis] п простір; інтервал; відстань; порожнина spasm [spaszm] я судома, спазм, мимовільне скорочення м’язів
- •Strong [strool adj міцний, сильний, дужий; їдкий; різкий; яскравий structure ['strAktJa] п будова; структура;
- •Substance f'sAbstsns] п речовина, матеріал; суть; сутність; зміст substernal [sAb'stg:nl] adj загруднинний;
- •2. V витирати тампоном, брати мазок
- •2. V ковтати, проковтнути; поглинати sweat [swotj 1. Я піт; випоти; 2. V потіти; пітніти
- •2. V вставляти (вводити) тампон target ["ta:git| і. П ціль, мішень;
- •2. Adj прицільний tarsal [ ta:sal] adj що відноситься до пе- редплюсни; що відноситься до хряща повіки; тарзальний taste [teistj 1. П смак, присмак;
- •2. Adj тонічний, зміцнювальний tonsil [ tonsil] n анат. Мигдалик, мигдалеподібна залоза tonus [ taunas] n напруженість м’язів, тонус
- •Tubule [ lju:bju:l] п трубочка; каналець tumour [ tjir.Ma] п новоутворення, пухлина; припухлість; здуття tunic [ tju:nik] п анат. Оболонка; покрив; пліва typhoid [ taifoid] 1. П черевний тиф;
- •2. Adj подібний до тифу; тифозний typical [tipikal] adj типовий
- •2. Adj ультрафіолетовий umbilicus [Ain'bilikas] n пупок unconscious [An'konfas] 1. N псих, несвідоме; 2. Adj несвідомий, непритомний
- •2. V завдати болю; уразити wrist [rist] п зап’ясток wrist joint ['rist dpint] n
Read the text and answer the following questions.
When are antacids used?
What is gastric reflux?
How to achieve normal tone of the sphincter muscle that separates the oesophagus from the stomach?
What antacids are called non-systemic ones? How do they act?
What antacids are called systemic ones? How do they act?
When is sodium bicarbonate used?
Antacids
Antacids are used:
to relieve stomach pain and discomfort by neutralizing the acidic gastric juices |
In patients with excessive secretion of gastric hydrochloric acid this reduces the effect of gastric juices on lesions in the stomach |
to relieve pain and discomfort caused when stomach contents flow back into the oesophagus, and cause inflammation of the oesophageal wall |
Gastric reflux is caused by a reduction in the tone of the sphincter muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach. Effective tone is normally maintained when the sphincter is in the normal closed state as increased intraabdominal pressure produces an increase in tone. Decreased peristaltic movements slow the transit time of food through the oesophagus or stomach |
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• aluminum compounds absorb and excrete phosphates from the alimentary tract |
This prevents and treats hyperphosphataemia when the normal excretory pathways of phosphates are not functioning, e.g. renal failure. Also useful in patients with a predisposition to form phosphate urinary calculi |
Antacids used to neutralize the effects of gastric secretions are non-systemic, i.e. they are not absorbed into the blood circulation. These antacids are selected for their specific action in the stomach. Small amounts of antacid compound may be absorbed but this is not significant to their main purpose. Non-systemic compounds are usually based on aluminum, magnesium or calcium.
Sodium bicarbonate is a systemic antacid; it is absorbed into the blood circulation. Following absorption, the antacid effect of sodium bicarbonate will interfere with the acid-base balance of the body. It j will cause a rise in body pH. Normally, respiratory and renal compen- | satory mechanisms will return the body pH to normal.
If disease produces a metabolic acidosis, sodium bicarbonate can be used to correct the pH balance of the body. Sodium bicarbonate should not be used to ease gastric symptoms.
[ 3 | Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian. Then tell your groupmates
about proton pump inhibiting drugs and their side effects.
Proton Pump Inhibitors Lansoprazole, Omeprazole
The production and secretion of gastric acid depends on the enzyme H',Kl-ATPase. This proton pump powers the cell pathways that metabolise acid in the parietal cells of the stomach mucosa. Proton pump inhibiting drugs block this function irreversibly. Synthesis of I new supplies of the enzyme will be needed before gastric acid production returns to normal volume. This will occur a few days after a completed course of treatment.
Side effects of these drugs are rare but they may include gastric upsets, headache, and rashes and defects of the skin. Long-term therapy may carry the risk of gastric cancer.
These drugs are metabolised for excretion by the liver, so liver function should be assessed prior to prescribing proton pump inhibitors.
Omeprazole should not be given to pregnant or breast-feeding women.
Lansoprazole should be taken each morning. Antacids, if taken within 1 h of this drug, will reduce its effect.
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