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I These terms refer to routes of drug administration. Describe in your own words what they mean and then match the terms with their definitions.

Route:

1 Oral

8 Rectal

2 Injection

9 Vaginal

3 Subcutaneous

10 Ocular

4 Intramuscular

11 Nasal

5 Intravenous

12 Inhalation

6 Intrathecal

13 Cutaneous

7 Sublingual

14 Transdermal

Definition:

a A drug is taken by mouth (orally).

b Parenteral administration of drugs.

c A drug is placed under the tongue (taken sublingually).

d A drug is delivered to the body through a patch on the skin.

e A drug is inserted into the rectum.

f A drug is applied to the skin for its local effect.

g A drug is inserted into the vagina.

h A drug is applied to the eye.

і A drug is injected just beneath the skin.

j A drug is injected into the spinal canal.

k A drug is injected into the muscle, usually in the upper arm, thigh

or buttock.

  1. A drug is breathed in and absorbed through the nasal mucosa,

m A drug is inhaled through the mouth and passes through the tra­

chea into the lungs, n A drug is given directly into a vein, either in a single dose (a bolus)

or by continuous infusion (“a drip”); when an l.V. access line is

shared but the reservoir and the valve controlling the rate of delive­ry of different fluids or drugs are separate, this is called intravenous piggyback.

2J Choose the English equivalents of the Ukrainian words and word com­binations.

  1. B drug infusion a drug taking c drug administration прийом ліків

2 Кров’яний потік

a

blood clot

b

blood occlusion

c

blood stream

3

стенокардія

a

hypertension

b

angina pectoris

c

enema

4

водний розчин

a

infusion

b

solution

c

suspension

5

блювання

a

nausea

b

vomiting

c

itching

6

подразнювати

a

irritate

b

inject

c

irrigate

7

спинний мозок

a

cerebrum

b

medulla

c

spinal cord

8

знеболювання

a

application

b

inhalation

c

anaesthesia

9

мазь

a

lotion

b

ointment

c

cream

10

свічка

a

suppository

b

tampon

c

syringe

[З^Match the synonyms.

1 obtain

a occupy

2 contain

b elimination

3 store

c keep

4 effect

d comprise

5 involve

e get, gain

6 removal

f damaging

7 include

g action

8 harmful

h enclose

9 require

i counteract

10 neutralize

j need

[ 4 [Choose the correct translation of these word combinations into Ukrai­nian.

  1. Determine the cause: визначити кому, визначити наслідки, визначити причину.

  2. Fat absorption: поглинання жирів, виділення жирів, обмін жирів.

  3. Drug action duration: тривала дія ліків, тривалість дії ліків, дія ліків триває.

  4. Rapid process: повільний процес, прискорений процес, швид­кий процес.

  5. То increase heartbeat: прискорювати серцебиття, уповільнюва­ти серцебиття, не впливати на серцебиття.

  6. Insert the syringe: вставляти голку, вставляти шприц, вставля­ти колбу.

  7. Skin irritation: подразнення шкіри, подразнення черепа, под­разнення кінцівок.

  8. Meningeal sheath: кільце мозку, оболонка мозку, серцевина мозку.

  9. Moist skin: подразнена шкіра, суха шкіра, волога шкіра.

  1. Make up 10 questions asking a patient about prescribed drugs and any other medication he/she is taking, including over-the-counter remedies, such as herbal remedies, homeopathic remedies, laxatives, analgesics, and vitamins and mineral supplements.

Ask about the name of each drug, what it is taken for, the dose, how often he/she takes the drug and for how long.

Has the patient noticed any side effects and what are they?

Does the patient take his/her medication as prescribed or do they tend to forget to take it (miss a dose)?

Has the patient ever had an allergic reaction to medication (such symptoms as wheezing and difficulty breathing, rash, overall itching or in severe cases shock)?

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