Case Report

A seven-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department one hour after being struck by an automobile. There was no history of loss of consciousness. He complained of pain on the left side of the abdomen, in the left flank, and in the left leg. The patient had a pulse rate of 100 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 25 per minute, and his blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg.

Ecchymoses and abrasions of the head as well as a 2x2-centimetre swelling in the left parietal region were present. Superficial ecchymo­ses were present in the left leg and abdomen. Tenderness and guarding in the left upper and lower abdominal quadrants were found and in­creased during the time of observation. Microscopic hematuria was present but cleared subsequently. Roentgenography revealed a linear fracture of the left parietal bone adjacent to the sagittal suture. A rou­tine roentgenogram of the abdomen showed a normal condition.

A splenic scan was performed while the patient was being trans­ferred from the emergency department to a bed; it revealed a filling defect along the inferior-lateral margin of the spleen. Abdominal para­centesis was not done nor was the test for the haematocrit value re­peated. The patient was then taken to the operating room, and 200 cubic centimetres of blood were found in the abdominal cavity. A rupture of the spleen was seen in the region predicted by scanning. A large retroperitoneal haematoma and a small contusion of the left kidney were also found. Splenectomy was performed. No postopera­tive complications and no neurologic sequelae resulted from the skull fracture. The patient was discharged ten days after admission.

CHEMIST’S SHOP

1. Learn the following words.

remedy	[remidi]	лікувальний засіб, ліки
retail	[ri:teil]	роздрібна торгівля
pharmaceutical	[,fa:m3'sju:tikl]	фавмацевтичний
potent	[pautant]	сильнодіючий
designate	['dezigneit]	визначати; вказувати
storage	['sto:rid3j	зберігання
expiry date	[iks'paiari deitj	термін придатності
warning	['womirj]	застереження
danger	['deind^s]	небезпека
essential	[i'senjl]	важливий, основний
adjuvant	[æd^uvsnt]	допоміжний засіб
vehicle	[vi:kl]	середовище для приготування ліків; розчинник
guarantee	[,gæran'ti:]	гарантувати
authenticity	[,з:0ЄП 'tisitl]	автентичність, достовірність

2. J Match the explanations and the terms.

1	an unwanted effect produced by a drug in addition to its desired therapeutic effects	a	dose
2	any substance that affects the structure or functioning of a living organism	b	prescription department
3	powerful, strong	c	drug
4	safekeeping of goods in a depository	d	narcotic
5	the amount of medicine to be taken	e	adjuvant
6	insufficient, incorrect	f	side effect
7	substance producing sleep or other undesirable condition	g	potent
8	department where medicines are ordered	h	inadequate

9 substance used in medical treatment, internally or ex­ternally	i medication
10 an ingredient (as in a prescription or in solution) that modifies the action of the principal agent	j storage

[^3 J Fill in the correct words from the box, then make sentences using the completed phrases.

facility	factor	institution patient	water	index
a label	cupping	dosage

1	safety ...
2	therapeutic ...
3	prophylactic ...
4	hot ... bottle
5	... glasses
6	inadequate ...
7	to be given to the ...
8	to be placed on ...
9	pharmaceutical ...

Chemist’s Shop

Chemist’s shop is an institution of health service which supplies the population with medicines and medical things. It is a place where a wide variety of articles is sold, where prescription can be made; drugs are composed, dispensed, stored and sold. They are differenti­ated into municipal, public and private ones. An ordinary chemist’s shop has a chemist’s department, a prescription one, proper working rooms and a hall for visitors.

At the chemist’s department one can buy drugs ready to use, dif­ferent things for medical care (hot water bottles, medicine droppers, mustard plasters, cupping glasses, thermometers and so on) and medi­cal herbs.

At the chemist’s all medicines are kept in drug cabinets. Poison­ous, strong, narcotic and psychotropic drugs can be sold by prescrip­tion only. These drugs are potent and can be dangerous if taken in an overdose.

All containers of dispensed medicines should be clearly labeled with the following particulars: name of the patient, name of the medi­cine, correct dosage instructions, date of dispensing, expiry date, warnings or contraindications.

The pharmacist should instruct the patient about: the dangers of overdosage; the problems resulting from an inadequate dosage; the expected side effects of the drug; the proper storage of the drug, etc. The pharmacist should also advise the patient about the dangers of taking drugs for longer periods unless he is under care of a physi­cian.

A complete prescription is made up of six essential parts: the pa­tient’s name, the superscription, the inscription, the subscription, the signature and the prescriber’s name. The inscription is the body of the prescription. The inscription may consist of three parts: medication, adjuvant and vehicle. The signature consists of the directions to be given to the patient. This information is intended to be placed on the label of the container in which the medication is dispensed. The pre­scriber’s name is the part of the prescription that guarantees its authen­ticity.

Before the best compound of medicines is found, the toxicologist is called in to assess the safety factor of the drug or the series. In most cases the best compound will be that with the highest therapeutic in­dex, i.e. the ratio of lethal dose to active dose.

The realization of medicines is promoted by presenting license, given by the State Department of Quality and Safety Control and Production of Medicines and Medical Articles.

Language Development

| 1 | Match the English word combinations with their Ukrainian equiva­lents.

1 drugs ready to use	1 крапельниця
2 hot water bottle	2 співвідношення отруйної дози до діючої
3 filling prescription	3 побічний ефект
4 medicine dropper	4 готові до вживання ліки
5 mustard plaster	5 додатковий рецепт
6 refilling prescription	6 грілка
7 drug cabinet	7 клінічне випробування
8 side effect	8 шафа для ліків
9 clinical trial	9 гірчичник
10 ratio of lethal dose to active dose	10 виписаний рецепт

[ 2J Fill in the gaps with the words from the box to complete the sentences.

remedies drugs medicines pills ointment laxatives sedatives prescription sleeping draughts mustard plasters cupping glasses

1. The pharmacist compounds, dispenses and sells different ....

2. She is rubbing in a healing ... to relieve pain and skin irritation.

3. Any ... kept in a cold place should be shaken before using.

4. ... are usually prescribed in case of sleeplessness.

5. Potent and strong drugs are available only by a doctor’s ....

6. That patient suffering from constipation is prescribed ....

7. You must apply ... and ... on your back.

8. Ancient Tibetans used different ... , such as minerals, parts of animals, herbs to treat their patients.

9. People with nervous disorders are sometimes prescribed ... .

j 3 j Match the sentence beginnings with their endings.

1 Chemist’s shop is an institution	a into public and private ones.
2 Chemist’s shops are differentiated	b about the danger of overdosage.
3 At the chemist’s department one can buy	c the directions to be given to the patient.
4 All containers should be labeled with the following particulars:	d presenting the license given by the State Department of Quality.
5 The pharmacist should instruct the patient	e which supplies the population with medications.
6 The signature consists of	f the name of medicine, dosage, contraindications.
7 The realization of medicines is promoted by	g hot water bottles, medicine droppers, mustard plasters.

[ 4 Juse the correct prepositions. Translate the sentences.

1. There are many possible forms of drugs: from/with the simple white tablet till/to the sophisticated micro-encapsulated slow-release multicoloured formulation.

2. The pharmacist is responsible for/on purity, stability and availabili­ty of/in the drug.

3. In/for many tablets, the drug substance is only a fraction of/on the whole.

4. The coating in/of a tablet does not influence drug availability.

5. Caution is advised for/in attempts to utilize cheaper forms of pro­prietary drugs.

6. The forms of drugs have not been changed for/in many years.

5 Replace the underlined words with their synonyms from the box.

unwanted reaction		prescription poisonous effect	potent
drugs	affect	pills inscription

1. All the medicines must be taken according to indication and pre­scription.

2. Non-acid-resisting tablets can be washed down with any juice.

3. Any overdosage may cause bad reaction.

4. The body of the prescription may consist of three parts: medication,

adjuvant and vehicle.

5. Alcohol has a very negative influence on the action of medicines.

6. The use of strong drugs must be strictly controlled.

7. Some drugs can be obtained only by means of doctor’s authorized

direction.

8. Alcohol increases the toxicity of barbiturates by more than 50 %.