8. Определите основную идею текста.

1. The biological productivity in the sea should be controlled.

2. The world ocean should be studied thoroughly as it is seen as a major source of food for the future.

3. The study of the two minor subdivisions of the world ocean.

4. There are regions of high and low productivity in the oceans.

TEXT 8

Swimming

(1) Swimming is an act of moving through the water by using the arms, legs, and body in motions called strokes. The most common strokes are the crawl, backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, and sidestroke. Swimming is an integral part of almost all water-based activities. It is also a competitive sport itself.

(2) Some scientists believe that human beings are born with an instinctive ability to use their arms and legs to stay afloat. That instinct, however, disappears within a few months after birth. Later in life many children and adults learn to swim in order to be safe around the water, to have fun, and to participate in competition. People can swim in any body of water large enough to permit free movement. These areas include ponds, lakes, rivers, the ocean, and pools. Most people enjoy swimming in water that is between 18° and 29°C.

(3) In many parts of the world, people learn to swim by imitating others, most often their parents, brothers, sisters, and friends. Most youngsters in North America also take lessons at swim clubs, community centers, schools, or recreational facilities. Instructors teach students skills that will make them safe, efficient, and confident swimmers. Beginners first put their heads in the water and blow bubbles by exhaling. Gradually, students progress to floating, treading water, and ultimately, learning the techniques of the major strokes.

(4) Students use various pieces of equipment during these lessons. Water-wings are inflatables worn around the upper arms; they allow children to float easily. Kickboards are buoyant boards that students can rest their arms on; this keeps their upper bodies afloat and allows them to concentrate on kicking correctly. Pull-buoys are foam floats that swimmers hold between their thighs to keep the lower body high and flat on the surface of water; using them, students can learn the arm and upper body movements of various strokes. Paddles are small, firm boards fitted over the hands; they force students to pull their arms through the water correctly. Fins worn on the feet allow swimmers to go faster and to develop proper body position and power.

(Microsoft Encarta, 2008)

1. Определите, является ли утверждение:

The majority of scientists state that humans are born with an instinctive ability to float in water.

1. ложным

2. в тексте нет информации

3. истинным

2. Определите, является ли утверждение:

In rivers and oceans, all swimmers should respect the power of nature.

1. истинным

2. ложным

3. в тексте нет информации

3. Определите, является ли утверждение:

Water-wings prevent children from floating.

1. в тексте нет информации

2. ложным

3. истинным

4. Определите, является ли утверждение:

Instructors teach students skills that will make them protected, affected, and self-assured.

1. ложным

2. истинным

3. в тексте нет информации

5. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Human beings can swim in any body of water permitting free movement.

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

6. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

During their lessons students can learn various strokes with the help of different equipment.

1. 4

2. 3

3. 2

4. 1

7. Ответьте на вопрос:

What are paddles used for?

1. They help students learn the arm movements of various strokes.

2. They keep the lower body high and flat on the surface of water.

3. They allow swimmers to go faster.

4. They make students’ arms move through the water right.

8. Определите основную идею текста.

1. Competitive swimming is one of the most popular participant sports in the world.

2. Swimming is a valuable activity.

3. Human beings have been swimming for thousands of years.

4. People can swim in ponds, lakes, rivers, seas, oceans, and pools large enough for their free movement.

TEXT 9

First Aid

(1) Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. Determine that the scene of the accident is safe before attempting to provide first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking bystanders or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble.

(2) First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABCs, which stands for:

A – Airway – is it open and unobstructed?

B – Breathing – is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.

C – Circulation – is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.

(3) Once obvious injuries have been evaluated, the injured person’s head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body. If no evidence exists to suggest potential skull or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable position. Positioned on one side, a victim can vomit without choking or obstructing the airway.

(4) Before treating specific injuries, protect the victim from shock -a depression of the body’s vital functions that, left untreated, can result in death. Shock occurs when blood pressure (pressure exerted against blood vessel walls) drops and the organs do not receive enough blood, depriving them of oxygen and nutrients. The symptoms of shock are anxiety or restlessness; pale, cool, clammy skin; a weak but rapid pulse; shallow breathing; bluish lips; and nausea. These symptoms may not be apparent immediately, as shock can develop several hours after an accident. To prevent shock, the victim should be covered with blankets or warm clothes to maintain a normal body temperature. The victim’s feet should be elevated. Because of the danger of abdominal injuries, nothing should be administered by mouth.

(Microsoft Encarta, 2008)

1. Определите, является ли утверждение:

Several principles of first aid can be applied to some emergencies.

1. истинным

2. в тексте нет информации

3. ложным

2. Определите, является ли утверждение:

First of all it’s necessary to evaluate a victim’s condition with the help of the ABC method.

1. в тексте нет информации

2. ложным

3. истинным

3. Определите, является ли утверждение:

In some cases the injured person may be placed in a comfortable position.

1. ложным

2. истинным

3. в тексте нет информации

4. Определите, является ли утверждение:

Shock always develops immediately after an accident.

1. истинным

2. ложным

3. в тексте нет информации

5. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

To provide first aid it’s necessary to assess the scene of the accident.

1. 2

2. 4

3. 3

4. 1

6. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Skin color and temperature should be checked.

1. 3

2. 2

3. 1

4. 4

7. Ответьте на вопрос:

What are the symptoms of shock?

1. The symptoms of shock are uneasiness; ashen, warm, clammy skin; a weak but rapid pulse; shallow breathing; bluish lips; and nausea.

2. The symptoms of shock are distress or restlessness; pale, cool, dry skin; a weak and slow pulse; shallow breathing; bluish lips; and nausea.

3. The symptoms of shock are anxiety or restlessness; white, cool, clammy skin; a feeble but rapid pulse; deep breathing; pale lips; and sickness.

4. The symptoms of shock are worry; pale, cold, clammy skin; a weak but quick pulse; not deep breathing; bluish lips; and nausea.