- •Передмова
- •Lesson 1 the reading module
- •Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 2 the reading module
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 3
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 4 the reading module
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 5 the reading module
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 6 the reading module
- •Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •After text activity
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 8 the reading module
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 9 the reading module
- •Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 10 the reading module
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
After text activity
I. Reading Exercises:
Exercise 1. Read and memorize using a dictionary:
intermediate mass, designate, binding energy, induce, excess neutrons, mining, refining, purifying, fuel bundles, at low yields.
Exercise 2. Answer the questions:
What does the binding energy per nucleon provide?
How much energy does the fission of one nucleus of uranium release?
What nuclides have been found to have a high probability of fission?
4. What are the most common fission nuclear fuels?
5. What elements are used to produce small amounts of nuclear power in radiothermal generators?
Exercise 3. Match the left part with the right:
-
The result of these two process
is generally accompanied by the emission of one or several neutrons.
This fragmentation
is heavy fissile elements.
By far the most common type of fuel
is a release of energy.
Exercise 4.
Open brackets choosing the right words:
Many (heavy/light) elements can be made to fission by bombardment with high-energy particles. However, only neutrons can provide a self-sustaining nuclear fission reaction. Upon (capture/release) of a neutron by a heavy nucleus, (the latter/the former) may become (unstable/ constant) and (split/melt) into two fragments of (intermediate/heavy) mass.
II. Speaking Exercises:
Exercise 1. Describe nuclear fuels using the suggested words and expressions:
to release energy, fusion, fission, stability of the nucleus, the binding energy, bombardment, fissile and fertile materials, excess of neutrons, mining, refining, purifying
Exercise 2. Ask questions to the given answers:
1) Question: _________________________________________
The only significant industrial use of nuclear fuel so far utilizes fission.
2) Question:____________________________________________________
Nuclear fuel is any material that can be consumed to derive nuclear energy.
3) Question:___________________________________________________
Light isotopes such as 3H (tritium) are used as fuel for nuclear fusion.
III. Writing exercises:
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the suggested words:
fission, splitting, combining, intermediate, fusion, spontaneous
Materials whose ability to release energy derives from specific properties of the atom's nucleus. In general, energy can be released by _________ two light nuclei to form a heavier one, a process called nuclear ________; by _________ a heavy nucleus into two fragments of __________ mass, a process called nuclear ___________; or by ___________ nuclear decay processes, which are generically referred to as radioactivity.
Exercise 2. Compose a story on the following topic (up to 100 words):
“ Nuclear Fuels”.