Irregular Verbs:

learn/learned/learned learn/learnt/learnt	يتعلم	lose/lost/lost	يفقد/ يضيع
lend/lent/lent	يسلف	make/made/made	يصنع/ يجعل
let/let/let	يدع/ يسمح	mean/meant/meant	يعني
lie/lay/lain	يرقد/ ينام	meet/met/met	يقابل
light/lit/lit light/lighted/lighted	يضيء/ يشعل	mislead/misled/misled	يضلل

Derivatives:

Verb	Noun	Adjective
finance يمول	finance التمويل / مورد مالي	financial مالي
recognize يتعرف علي	recognition تعرف / اعتراف / تقدير	recognizable يمكن التعرف عليه
object يعترض	objection اعتراض	objectionable محل اعتراض
accuse يتهم	accusation اتهام the accused المتهم	accusatory متضمن اتهام
escape يهرب	escape هروب	escaped هارب
bury يدفن	burial دفن	buried مدفون
sadden يُحزِن	sadness حزن	sad حزين
marry يتزوج	marriage الزواج	married متزوج marital زواجي
fatten يسبب السمنة	fatness السمنة	fat سمين
envy يحسد	envy الحسد	envious حسود enviable يُحسَد عليه

Words that go together

disturb the balance of nature	يُحث خلل في توازن الطبيعة	friendly countries	الدول الصديقة
get the credit	ينال التقدير والمديح	international finance	تمويل دولي
historical turning point	نقطة تحول تاريخية	give a lecture	يُلقي محاضرة
on the ground that	علي أساس أن	be widely recognized	معترف به علي نطاق واسع
a desire for revenge	رغبة في الانتقام	high treason	الخيانة العظمي
innocent victims	ضحايا أبرياء	civilian victims	ضحايا مدنيين
disaster victims	ضحايا الكارثة	financial reward	مكافأة مالية
intimate friendship	صداقة حميمة	the spirit of friendship	روح الصداقة
accuse unjustly	يتهم ظلما	comparatively cheap	رخيص نسبيا
a reliable witness	شاهد موثوق فيه	severe punishment	عقاب صارم
financial assistance	مساعدة مالية	be easy prey for	يكون فريسة سهلة لـ

Read the following passage carefully:

At the beginning of the story, Edmond Dantes, the 19-year-old hero of The Count of Monte Cristo, is a happy, successful young man. He is a ship's captain and he is soon going to be married to his fiancée, Mercedes. However, some of Edmond's friends are envious of him and they write a letter accusing him of treason. Edmond is arrested on his wedding day and is sent to prison for life.

After Edmond has been in prison for a number of years, Mercedes marries another man. In prison, Edmond meets an old man called Faria, who teaches him about History and Science. He also tells Edmond that he can have the valuable treasure he has hidden on the island of Monte Cristo.

When Faria dies, Edmond escapes from prison, goes to Monte Cristo and finds the treasure. Now a wealthy man, he decides to use his new money to reward the people who have helped him and to punish his enemies.

He finds one of these enemies, Caderousse, who gives him the names of the others. Caderousse now regrets what he did and because of this, Edmond gives him a diamond. Then he finds Morrel, the ship-owner he had worked for, and helps him with his financial problems.

Ten years later, Edmond, who now calls himself the "Count of Monte Cristo", arrives in Paris. His old friends do not recognise him, but Edmond knows the people who were envious of him and begins his revenge. In different ways, Edmond punishes all the men who accused him of treason.

Finally, Edmond helps Maximillian Morrel, the son of the ship-owner, by rescuing his fiancée, Valentine from her cruel family. Edmond, too, finally finds happiness when he marries Haydee, the daughter of another Victim of his old enemies.

Definitions:

finances (n)	the money that a person, company, etc., has
historical	events, people, etc. that happened or existed in the past; based on events in the past; relating to the past
lecturer	someone who teaches a group of people about a subject, especially at a university or college
object (v)	to say that you do not like or approve of something
assistant	someone who helps someone else to do their work by doing the less important jobs
imprisonment	the fact of being put or kept in prison
playwright	someone who writes plays
accuse	to say that someone has done something wrong or illegal
envious	wishing that you had something that someone else has, or that you could do something they do
fiancée	the woman you have said officially that you are going to marry
recognise	to know someone or something because you have seen them before
revenge	something you do in order to punish someone who has harmed you
treason	the crime of doing something that could cause great harm to your country or government, especially by helping its enemies
victim	someone who has been hurt or killed by someone or something

Language Notes

۩ Be careful with + n.

۩ Be careful about (of) + what / how / when

۩ Be careful to+inf.

●Be careful with the glasses.

●Be careful of / about what you say to him.

●Be careful to look both ways when you cross the road.

۩ Be friendly with + someone صديق لـ

۩ Be friendly to/towards + someone يكون ودودا تجاه

●Are you friendly with Ahmed? = Are you his friend?

●Our neighbours have always been very friendly to us.

 لاحظ استخدام ضمائر الملكية his / hers / mine / ours / theirs / your بعد a friend of:

●Peter is a friend of mine.

۩ object to + n.

●He objected to his friends' accusations.

۩ object to + ing.

●He objected to having to rewrite the article.

تستخدم so (بمعنى و كذلك) في الجمل المثبتة لتجنب التكرار وفي هذه الحالة يأتي بعدها الفعل المساعد حسب زمن الجملة ثم الفاعل:

So + فعل مساعد + فاعل

 Ali plays tennis.  Ahmed plays tennis.

Ali plays tennis and so does Ahmed.

 She knew the answer. They knew the answer.

She knew the answer and so did they.

 Peter can swim.  John can swim.

Peter can swim and so can John.

وفي حالة الجمل المنفية تستخدم neither (بمعنى ولا) بنفس الطريقة:

Neither + فعل مساعد + فاعل

 I didn't know the truth. She didn't know the truth.

I didn't know the truth and neither did she.

 He couldn't climb the mountain. They couldn't climb it.

He couldn't climb the mountain and neither could they.

۩ mention يذكر شيء (شفاهةَ أو كتابةَ) باختصار ۩ inform يخبر / يبلغ(عادة بطريقة رسمية)

●I mentioned the idea to John and he seemed to like it.

●We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.

۩ retire يتقاعد ۩ resign يستقيل

●Most people in Egypt retire at the age of 60.

●He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.

۩ custom عادة عامة ۩ habit عادة شخصية

●In Japan, the custom is to take off your shoes before you enter a house.

●I always buy the same brand of toothpaste just out of habit.

۩ alone بمفرده

۩ lonely لديه شعور بالوحدة لكونه بعيدا عن الآخرين ۩ only فقط / دون غيره

●She decided to climb the mountain alone.

●She gets lonely now that all the kids have left home.

● She was the only person to complain.

Suffixes: -ant / -ment مقاطع تضاف لنهاية الكلمات لتكوين الاسم

serve	servant	assist	assistant	attend	attendant
account	accountant	complain	complainant	contest	contestant
imprison	imprisonment	argue	argument	punish	punishment
agree	agreement	move	movement	invest	investment

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

Choose the correct answer:

1. Famous artists sometimes had (participants - assistants – applicants – descendants) to help them.

2. Shakespeare is one of the world's most famous (playwrights – scenarists – adventurers – footballers)

3. My uncle works, as a maths (laborer – admirer – torturer – lecturer) at the university in Alexandria.

4. I really (refuse – disapprove – hate – object) to people using mobile phones in the library.

5. After five years' (imprisonment – investment – instrument – involvement), the criminal wanted to live as an honest man.

6. I'm very interested in the past. That's why I like (geographical - historical – archaeological – physical) novels.

7. Accountants help people with their (fiancées – fireplaces – fences – finances).

8. Some of Edmond's friends (blamed – charged – accused – counted) him of something he had not done.

9. They were (ambitious – anxious – infectious – envious) of him because he was happy and successful.

10. Edmond was planning to get married to his (fancies – fiancée – nominee – guarantee).

11. After he was arrested, Edmond was sent to prison (with – in - for – of) life.

12. Edmond escaped (at – into – about – from) prison and found Faria's hidden treasure.

13. Edmond objected (in - to – with – from) his friends' accusations.

14. Edmond (blamed – appointed – rescued – asked) Valentine from her cruel family.

15. I studied modern European (history – historian – historic – historical) at college.

16. He works as a (beneficial – superficial - financial - artificial) adviser to the prime minister.

17. She travelled widely in North America, (picturing – assuring – measuring – lecturing) on women's rights.

18. The army arrived to (assist – resist – insist – protest) in the search.

19. Her (injection – function - objection – instruction) to the plan is based on incorrect facts.

20. The children had a/an (argument – arrangement – armament - management) about who had won the race.

21. Staying late at school was his (reward – award – punishment - astonishment) for talking in class.

22. The politicians could not reach an/a (abandonment – agreement – achievement - attainment) on what to do next.

23. The (accumulation – accommodation – allocation – accusation) against Edmond was false.

24. The crime of being disloyal to your country is called (reason – treason – raisin – purpose).

25. To (cause – accomplish – accuse – account) means to say someone had done something wrong or illegal.

26. Something you do to punish someone who has harmed you is called (change – exchange – challenge – revenge).

27. To (recognize – memorize – authorize - theorize) means to know someone because you have seen them before.

28. Someone who has been hurt by someone or something is a/an (accused – judge – victim - prey).

29. Wishing you had something that someone else has means that you are (previous – impervious – envious - oblivious).

30. You shouldn't leave a child (only - alone – lonely – loneliness) in the house.

31. She (signed – designed - resigned – tired) from the government last week and she's going to set up her own business.

32. She's got an enormous amount of work to do and so (do – have – did – can) I.

33. Ahmed left just after midnight and (so did – neither did – so has – neither has) Peter.

34. She didn't know the answer and (so did I – neither didn't I – neither did I – so have I).

35. He was being very careful (of – at – in – with) the coffee so as not to spill it.

36. He strongly (objected – rejected – injected – joined) to the terms of the contract.

37. If she is guilty, she will be (imagined – imitated – improved – imprisoned) for at least six years.

38. I really (navy – envy – wavy - heavy ) you. You have so much money.

39. The man managed to escape (of – in – from – with) prison.

40. He left as a poor, working class boy and returned as an extremely (wealthy – filthy – sympathy – healthy) man.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1. She refused to answer questions about her personal fences.

2. He has just finished reading a historian novel.

3. My uncle is a torturer in French literature at Cairo University.

4. The committee strongly injected to the report's recommendations.

5. They caused him without any proof.

6. Ahmed was infectious of Ali's success.

7. She is my divorcee. We are going to get married in October.

8. It was swine flu, but Dr. Peter hadn't economized the symptoms.

9. He took range on his employers by setting fire to the factory.

10. He was convicted of high season and sentenced to death.

11. Heart attack victors stand a better chance if they are treated immediately.

12. She helped me with my facial problems. She lent me a lot of money.

13. She stared at him without recession for a few seconds. Then she remembered him.

14. You've made a lot of accumulations but you haven't come up with any evidence to support them.

15. He has an excusable reputation as a heart surgeon. All his colleagues envy him.

.