15. diploma [countable] (AmE) a document showing that a student has successfully completed their high school, college, or university education диплом, свидетельство; аттестат: White men with high school diplomas earn more than Hispanic women with college degrees.

16. Certificate | diploma collocations

to have / hold a certificate / diploma: She has a Certificate in Drama Education.

to earn / get / gain / receive a certificate / diploma (in a subject) (from a college / university): She earned a teaching certificate from San Jose State University. | After two years he got / gained / received the certificate of the college for proficiency in chemistry.

to award / give (sb) a certificate / diploma | to award / give a certificate / diploma to sb: Polytechnics will be able to call themselves universities and to award degrees and diplomas. | In 1863 she was awarded a first-class certificate. | Everyone was given a diploma at the end of the course. | By the 1830s, some 50 students yearly were awarded a diploma.

to do a diploma to study in order to get a diploma: My son's doing a diploma in social studies. | I did a diploma in nursing.

23. Research

1. to study [transitive] | to research | to investigate [transitive; intransitive] to learn about a subject in a detailed way, using scientific methods, in order to discover new information or produce new ideas about it исследовать, изучать, заниматься (научными) исследованиями

to study / research / investigate sth: A team of scientists has been studying the effects of acid rain over a twenty-year period. | They have been researching the effects of the drug on mice. | The study investigates the impact of violent TV programming on children.

to study / investigate how / why…: NASA has used the space shuttle to study how materials perform in a weightless environment. | The research aims to investigate why schools are not doing better.

to research: He researched alone at night, and by day discussed his findings with no one.

to research in sth to carry out a study within a broad field of human experience: He's researching in medieval history.

to research into sth to carry out a study on a particular subject within a field of human experience: She's researching into possible cures for AIDS. | He researched into the causes / effects of cigarette smoking.

2. research | researches (formal) | study | investigation [uncountable] detailed work that you do, using scientific methods, in order to discover new information or produce new ideas about a particular subject, especially in a university or scientific institution (научное) исследование, изучение, изыскание, анализ; исследовательская работа: scientific / medical / historical / linguistic research | a research student / assistant / laboratory | Recent research shows that babies in the womb can be influenced by music. | The research will investigate the problems people have in using experimental machines in building societies. | The problem needed to be handed over to scientific investigation.

research in sth research work within a broad area of knowledge: He is famous for his research in linguistics / history / chemistry.

research into / on sth research work on a specific subject within an area of knowledge: research into the causes / effects / origin / problem of cancer | He concluded that research into their effectiveness is incomplete and unclear. | Some suggest segregating girls from boys in math and science courses, relying on dubious research on child development. | There is clearly a need for further research on this topic.

study of: the sociological study of crime | Grammars and parsers were invented for the study of human languages. | Our comparative study of political culture includes five democracies. | Paleontology is the study of ancient life.

to be engaged / involved in research заниматься научно-исследовательской работой

to do / conduct / carry out / undertake research проводить / предпринимать исследования: She's doing research into the connection between crime and poverty. | They are doing / conducting / carrying out some fascinating research into / on the language of dolphins.

researches: He was helped in his researches by local naturalists. | His researches produced some interesting results.

3. study [countable] a piece of work that is done to find out more about a particular subject or problem, and usually includes a written report (научное) исследование, научная работа, монография; статья; результаты исследования: The study showed / suggested a link between radiation leaks and cancer. | Recent studies show / suggest that women still get paid a lot less than men.

study of / into / on sth: a study of Australian wild birds | He published a review of studies on sex education programs in public schools.

to carry out / conduct / do / make a study (into / on sth): We're carrying out / conducting / doing a study into how much time people spend watching television each day. | A series of studies was made to discover the relationship between diet and behaviour.

4. paper [countable] a piece of writing or a talk on a particular subject by an expert who has made a study of it научный доклад; статья; диссертация: a scientific paper | a paper on psychology | When is your sociology paper due?

to write / produce a paper: He wrote papers on ethnography. | He was one of the scientists involved in the research that produced the paper.

to publish a paper: He has published many papers on the subject.

to give / present / deliver a paper (on sth) делать / читать доклад: Professor Usborne gave a paper on recent developments in his field. | Leading scholars have been invited to present papers at the conference.

5. thesis [countable] a long piece of writing about a particular subject that you do as part of an advanced university degree such as an MA or a PhD диссертация: a graduate / postgraduate thesis | From this initial dissatisfaction my own doctoral thesis developed. | You might even end up starting on another project with a new thesis adviser. | He was awarded his PhD for a thesis on industrial robots.

master's thesis магистерская диссертация: He really took the matter to heart and finally wrote his Master's thesis on the subject.

doctoral / Ph.D. thesis докторская диссертация: He wrote his doctoral / Ph.D. thesis on contemporary French literature.