15.4. Teaching methods

1. direct method [singular; uncountable] a method of teaching a foreign language without using the student's own language прямой метод

2. grammatical approach (to language teaching) [countable] грамматический подход (к обучению иностранному языку)

3. communicative approach (to language teaching) [countable] коммуникативный подход (к обучению иностранному языку)

4. pupil-centred teaching [uncountable] | pupil-centred approach (to language teaching) [countable] обучение с ориентацией на обучаемого

5. subject-centred teaching [uncountable] | subject-centred approach [countable] обучение с ориентацией на преподаваемый предмет

6. individualized instruction / teaching [uncountable] | individualized approach [countable] индивидуальный подход к обучению: Individualized instruction within a classroom is still an important idea in American education.

7. to individualize [transitive] to change something so that it meets the needs of a particular person or each individual person применять индивидуальный подход; индивидуализировать, придавать индивидуальный характер: individualized educational programmes | They individualized teaching according to student ability. | Teachers feel that a more individualized approach to students should now be adopted.

8. to motivate [transitive] to make someone want to achieve something and make them willing to work hard in order to do this мотивировать, побуждать, заинтересовывать: A good teacher has to be able to motivate her students. | Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely.

9. motivation [uncountable] eagerness and willingness to do something without needing to be told or forced to do it мотивация; стимулирующий фактор; мотив, стимул: a high level of motivation | There seems to be a lack of motivation among the students / teaching staff. | You can do anything if you've got the motivation.

to improve / increase / strengthen sb's motivation: These methods can help to increase students' motivation and interest.

to lack / lose motivation: He's a bright enough student – he just lacks motivation. | She said she had lost her motivation.

10. motivated (adjective) very keen to do something or achieve something, especially because you find it interesting or exciting мотивированный: The students / teachers are all highly motivated. | He enrolled on a home study course but couldn't get motivated.

11. remedial (adjective) intended to help students who have difficulty learning something коррективный; отстающий, требующий коррективных занятий (об ученике): Traditional remedial education / teaching is undergoing radical reform. | Most of these students take remedial courses / classes in all three fields. | His remedial teacher sees signs of progress in his reading and writing. | She is a teacher of remedial English.

15.5. Students' financial support

1. scholarship [countable] an amount of money that is given to someone by a school, college, university or other organization to help pay for their education стипендия

on (a) scholarship: Paula went to the Royal College of Music on a scholarship. | However popular the school might be at any moment, many of the students were needy and on scholarship.

to apply for a scholarship

to hold a scholarship

to give / offer / award / grant sb a scholarship давать / предоставлять кому-л. стипендию; награждать кого-л. стипендией: He became the first employee to be given a two-year scholarship. | The university offered scholarships to all who needed them. | He was awarded a scholarship to Harvard / to attend the college.

to provide a scholarship (for sb) давать / предоставлять кому-л. стипендию: At least two of the centres are registered as charities, and can provide limited scholarships to offset the cost of tuition.

to win / get / gain / receive a scholarship получить / выиграть стипендию: She won / got / gained a scholarship to Oxford / to study ballet in London. | He got a scholarship to Eton. | Ernest received a scholarship from Lewis College.

scholarship student / holder: Kent was a scholarship student at the Pillow.

2. (maintenance / student) grant [countable] money that the government gives to someone to help them pay for their education, which is intended to be spent on food, clothes, books, fares etc стипендия: Without a maintenance / student grant, I'd never even have gone into higher education. | The amount of the grant depends on the parents' income. | She finds it difficult to live on her grant.

3. grant [countable] an amount of money that the government or an organization gives a person or an institution for a specific purpose грант: a local authority / government grant | a money grant | grant-maintained schools | grant-aided schools / students | These studios are funded by a grant from the Kress Foundation. | Research grants are plentiful in science and engineering subjects, but much harder to get in the humanities.

to apply for a grant: We're applying for a grant of £500 for equipment. | We applied for grants from a number of grant-giving bodies.

to give / offer / award sb a grant: They gave / awarded her a grant to study abroad for one year.

to provide a grant: They persuaded the government to provide a small grant towards this work.

to win / get / gain / receive / obtain a grant: Last year, he won a Guggenheim grant. | The university gets a government grant. | The medical school has received / obtained a grant for cancer research.