14. The academic year

1. academic year | session (AmE) [countable] the time during the year when there is teaching at schools, colleges, and universities учебный год: The end of the academic year is another high-pressure time. | The session begins on 1 October. | Access to these buildings is restricted when school is in session.

2. school year [countable] the time during the year when there is teaching at schools (школьный) учебный год

3. term (esp. BrE) | trimester (AmE) | session (AmE) [countable; uncountable] one of the three periods of time that the school, college or university year is divided into семестр: end-of-term exams | The main exams are at the end of the summer term. | Teachers often feel overworked in / during term time. | Many students arrange internships or work-study placements during the second trimester. | This course will only be offered during the fall session.

4. semester [countable; uncountable] one of the two periods of time that the academic year at high schools, colleges and universities is divided into in some countries, for example the USA, Australia, Germany семестр: He attended Bennington College for three semesters.

5. quarter [countable; uncountable] (AmE) one of the four periods of time that the academic year at some American schools, colleges and universities is divided into четверть: What classes are you taking this quarter? | She was back in Michigan in time to teach spring quarter.

6. holiday | holidays (BrE) | vacation (esp. AmE) [countable; uncountable] (BrE) the time when children do not have to go to school (школьные) каникулы: The school holidays start tomorrow. | He spent his holidays here in Ledsham. | We try to do as many different activities as we can with the children during the school holidays / vacation.

7. vacation | vac (informal) [countable; uncountable] (BrE) a period of time when colleges and universities are closed каникулы (в колледже и университете): I'm planning to visit my parents during the Christmas vacation. | I spent my vacation with my dad's family. | I met him during the summer vac.

8. half-term (holiday) (BrE) | midterm break (AmE) [countable; uncountable] a short holiday from school in the middle of a term короткие каникулы: May I take this opportunity to wish everyone a safe and happy half-term holiday. | It rained all through half-term.

9. to break up [intransitive] (BrE) to close for a holiday закрываться / уходить на каникулы: School breaks up (for the Christmas holidays) next week. | We broke up for the holidays in June.

15. Teaching and learning

15.1. Attendance and absence

1. to be present (at sth) to be at an event such as a meeting or a class присутствовать: The teacher keeps a daily record of who is present. | Among those present at the class were John and Peter.

2. to attend [intransitive; transitive] (1) to go to an event such as a meeting or a class посещать; присутствовать: All students were expected to attend. | I attended the classes / seminars / lectures for a month or two.

(2) to go regularly to a school, college, or university регулярно ходить в школу: First-year students receive all the financial aid needed in order to attend. | He attended college after military service.

3. attendance [uncountable] the fact of being present at an event, such as a meeting or a class, or of going regularly to school, college, or university посещение; посещаемость: compulsory / regular / average / poor / low / good / high attendance | The schools agreed to reduce the dropout rate and improve daily attendance.

attendance at sth: Attendance at lectures is compulsory. | It is a parent's responsibility to ensure children's regular attendance at school.

4. (attendance / class) register [countable] a book used to record whether a child is present at school журнал: If a child is absent, the teacher notes it down in the (class) register. | Teachers were reminded that school attendance registers were actually legal documents.

to call / take the register / roll to say the names of the students in a class, to check who is there делать перекличку; вызывать по списку: At 9 o'clock the teacher calls the register. | The teacher called the roll to see if any students were absent.

5. attendance record / figures / level information kept about someone's attendance данные посещаемости: If you look at his attendance record, you'll see that it is exceptional.

6. to miss | to be / stay away from | to be absent (from sth) [transitive] to fail to be present at an event, such as a meeting or a class, or to go to school, college, or university пропускать: I had to miss a week of school. | If you're absent more than five times, you fail the course. | He was absent from school without permission for three days.

7. to skip [transitive] (esp. AmE) to intentionally stay away from school or a class пропускать: He skipped chemistry class three times last month. | She's been skipping lessons all year.

8. to cut [transitive] (AmE) (informal) to intentionally stay away from school or a class пропускать: That's the second time you've cut class this week. | Your son has been cutting classes.

9. to truant | to play truant (from school) (BrE) | to skive (off) (school) (BrE) (informal) | to bunk off (school) (BrE) (informal) | to play hooky / hookey (AmE) to stay away from school without permission прогуливать: In his fourth year he was truanting regularly. | Parents often don't know their children are playing truant from school. | They skived (off) school / PE lessons to watch the football match. | It was a sunny day so they decided to bunk off school. | He played hooky again.

10. absence (from sth) [uncountable; countable] a period of time when someone is not at school, college, or university when they should be отсутствие; неявка: We are concerned about your child's frequent absences. | She has had repeated absences from school this year.

to authorize an absence to give official permission for a person's absence

an authorized absence отсутствие / пропуск по уважительной причине

an unauthorized absence отсутствие / пропуск по неуважительной причине, прогул

11. absenteeism [uncountable] the practice of staying away from school, college, or university, usually without a good reason пропуски занятий, непосещение (школы), прогулы: a high / low rate / level / degree of absenteeism | In some colleges, teachers report a high degree of absenteeism by students.

12. truancy | truanting (esp. AmE) [uncountable] the practice of staying away from school without permission прогулы, пропуски занятий, непосещение (школы): a high / low truancy rate / level | a rise in truancy figures | instances of truancy | There is a connection between truancy and crime. | Schools need to reduce (levels of) truancy. | If the school's overall attendance rate is poor, then the school may well suspect a high level of condoned truancy. | Truanting is a small but growing problem in primary schools.

13. absentee [countable] someone who is not at school, college, or university when they should be отсутствующий, не явившийся; прогульщик: There are several absentees in the school this week. | Each week the City Attendance Officer called to check the registers for absentees. | We are able to identify absentees immediately.

an authorized / unauthorized absentee: In June, 27% of their pupils were unauthorized absentees.

14. truant [countable] a child who stays away from school without permission прогульщик: About half in each case were categorized by their head teachers as casual or persistent truants. | He dropped out of the eighth grade because he was a truant of long standing.

15. truant (adjective) (esp. AmE) staying away from school without permission прогуливающий: Nick was truant seven days this month.

16. compulsory | obligatory | mandatory (for sb / sth) something that is compulsory must be done because it is a rule or law or because someone in authority orders you to обязательный; принудительный: compulsory education / schooling / attendance | School uniform is no longer compulsory in many British schools. | Maths and English are compulsory for all students. | Is attendance at school obligatory or optional in this country? | Attendance at school is mandatory.

17. optional (for sb / sth) something that is optional is available or possible if you want it, but you do not have to have it or do it необязательный; факультативный; дополнительный: Sex education is a sensitive area for some parents, and thus it should remain optional. | General Studies is optional for sixth-form students.