- •Lecture1 The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation
- •List of literature used and recommended
- •Translation as a notion and subject. Interpretation.
- •2. The object of translation theory, the problems which the translatology studies.
- •3. Interrelation with other disciplines.
- •4. Stages of translation process.
- •5. Types of translation.
- •6. Pragmatic adaptation.
- •7. Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects.
- •8. Context.
- •Lecture 2 a short historical outline of European and Ukrainian translation.
- •List of literature used and recommended.
- •1. The earliest mentions of translation, the translation development during ancient times until 500ad.
- •2. Translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
- •3. Translation during the Renaissance period.
- •4. Translation during the period of classicism and Enlightenment.
- •5. The epoch of Romanticism and establishment of the principles of faithful translation in Europe.
- •6. Translation in Kyivan Rus’ during the 10th–13th centuries and in Ukraine during the 14th–16th centuries.
- •7. The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and revival of translation activities in Ukraine.
- •8. Translation during the years of Ukraine’s independence and early Soviet rule, post-war period, during the last decade of the 20th century.
- •Lecture 3 Lexicological aspects of translation. Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •1. Rules and methods of Romanization of different Ukrainian proper nouns.
- •2. The main rules of conveying English sounds in Ukrainian translation of proper names.
- •3. Conveying the names of companies, corporations, firms.
- •Lecture 4 Units of international lexicon and ways of rendering their meaning and lingual form.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Identification of international lexicon units.
- •2. Ways of conveying the lexical meaning of genuine internationalisms.
- •3. Translating of loan internationalisms.
- •Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •Literature used and recommended
- •4. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •1. Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •2. Ways of rendering the meaning of nationally biased units of lexicon.
- •2. The ways of faithful rendering of the idiomatic / phraseological expressions.
- •3. Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating.
- •Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Ways and means of expressing modality in English and Ukrainian.
- •1. The lexico-grammatical expression of modality through modal verbs.
- •1.1. Can / could.
- •1.2. May / might – to be permitted / to be allowed
- •1.3. Must expresses strong obligation, duty, necessity -
- •1.4. Have to
- •1.7. Need
- •1.8. Dare
- •2. English modal verbs having not always modal verb equivalents in Ukrainian.
- •3. Ways of conveying the meaning of subjective modality.
- •4. Grammatical modality and mean of expressing it.
- •Lecture 8 Transformations in the process of translation.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Бідасюк н. В., Бондар р. В. Практикум перекладу. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –431 с.
- •3. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Transformations in the process of translation.
- •2. Lexical, grammatical, lexico-grammatical transformations in the process of translation.
- •2.1. Grammatical transformation.
- •2.2. Lexical transformations.
- •2.3. Lexico-grammatical transformations.
- •3. Objectively and subjectively conditioned transformations of lexical units in the process of translation.
7. The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and revival of translation activities in Ukraine.
A considerable intensification witnessed in Ukrainian translation during the 17th century, which could have been influenced by the initial activities in the Kyiv Mohyla Academy (founded in 1632), where translations were at first employed to further teaching processes. These translations were of higher quality though they were mostly free adaptation of anonymous free interpreters or a certain Vitaliy. Symeon Polotskyi (1629-1680) left a number of free translations of some polish poets.
The first decades of the 18th century were marked by unbearable terror imposed on the Ukrainian people by Peter I. With the enthroning of Catherine II the Ukrainian nation was completely enslaved. The official Russian language took the upper hand. Even the great philosopher H. Skovoroda had to perform his translations more in Russian than in bookish Ukrainian.
The first parts of I. Kotlyarevskyi’s free adaptation of Virgil’s Aeneid in 1797 in colloquial Ukrainian marked a significant historical turning-point in Ukrainian literature and culture.
Much more successful were free interpretations of P. Hulak-Artemovskyi “The Landlord and His Dog” (1818).
Near faithful versification can be observed in Y. Hrebinka’s translation of Pushkin’s “Poltava” (1836). Taras Shevchenko had succeeded already to create David’s Psalms from Old Slavic into Ukrainian. Among these were: Y. Fedcovych, M. Maksymovych, M. Kostomarov. Soon there appeared P. Kulish, I. Franko, Lesya Ukrainka (4 languages).
In Austro-Hungarian part of Ukraine during the second half of the 19th century translation began to develop very quickly, translations appeared in magazines and journals Dzvin, Zorya, Bukovyna, Dilo.
8. Translation during the years of Ukraine’s independence and early Soviet rule, post-war period, during the last decade of the 20th century.
First decade of 20th century. Kyiv, Kharkiv, Poltava reprinted those translation published in Lviv, Chernivtsi and in World Library (Western Ukraine). From the nowadays point of view those translations mostly contained many lexico-semantic, structural, stylistic errors. The worst translations – of Jack London’s works.
The second period. The most outstanding translators of poetic works in 1920’s – early 1930’s was Mykola Zerov, he improved and successfully applied new methods of faithful versification. He managed to convey not only the main content, but also the spirit (pragmatic orientation) of the originals. Of course we should name also M. Khvylovyi among Neoclassicists.
The most outstanding place among the surviving Neoclassicists belongs to Maxym Rylskyi (1895-1964) – a very active literary critic of translation who practically laid the foundation for scientific Ukrainian (Soviet) criticism of belles-letters translation.
The third period in Soviet Ukrainian translation during the late 1950’s and early 1960’s was marked by the common understanding of the need for higher standard of translation.
A considerable contributions to Ukrainian belles-letters was made by M. Bazhan (1904-1983), H. Kochur (1908-1994), Yu. Pokolchuk, Perepadya.
Among the prolific translator of the 1960’s – 1990’s was V. Mytrofanov (1929-1998), who translated into Ukrainian about 40 books by American and German classic writers. The authors were Mark Twain The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, E. M. Hemingway, H. Beecher-Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
Theoretics of translation theory – Cherednychenko, Karaban, Chernovatyi, Zorivchak.