- •Lecture1 The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation
- •List of literature used and recommended
- •Translation as a notion and subject. Interpretation.
- •2. The object of translation theory, the problems which the translatology studies.
- •3. Interrelation with other disciplines.
- •4. Stages of translation process.
- •5. Types of translation.
- •6. Pragmatic adaptation.
- •7. Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects.
- •8. Context.
- •Lecture 2 a short historical outline of European and Ukrainian translation.
- •List of literature used and recommended.
- •1. The earliest mentions of translation, the translation development during ancient times until 500ad.
- •2. Translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
- •3. Translation during the Renaissance period.
- •4. Translation during the period of classicism and Enlightenment.
- •5. The epoch of Romanticism and establishment of the principles of faithful translation in Europe.
- •6. Translation in Kyivan Rus’ during the 10th–13th centuries and in Ukraine during the 14th–16th centuries.
- •7. The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and revival of translation activities in Ukraine.
- •8. Translation during the years of Ukraine’s independence and early Soviet rule, post-war period, during the last decade of the 20th century.
- •Lecture 3 Lexicological aspects of translation. Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •1. Rules and methods of Romanization of different Ukrainian proper nouns.
- •2. The main rules of conveying English sounds in Ukrainian translation of proper names.
- •3. Conveying the names of companies, corporations, firms.
- •Lecture 4 Units of international lexicon and ways of rendering their meaning and lingual form.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Identification of international lexicon units.
- •2. Ways of conveying the lexical meaning of genuine internationalisms.
- •3. Translating of loan internationalisms.
- •Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •Literature used and recommended
- •4. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •1. Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •2. Ways of rendering the meaning of nationally biased units of lexicon.
- •2. The ways of faithful rendering of the idiomatic / phraseological expressions.
- •3. Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating.
- •Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Ways and means of expressing modality in English and Ukrainian.
- •1. The lexico-grammatical expression of modality through modal verbs.
- •1.1. Can / could.
- •1.2. May / might – to be permitted / to be allowed
- •1.3. Must expresses strong obligation, duty, necessity -
- •1.4. Have to
- •1.7. Need
- •1.8. Dare
- •2. English modal verbs having not always modal verb equivalents in Ukrainian.
- •3. Ways of conveying the meaning of subjective modality.
- •4. Grammatical modality and mean of expressing it.
- •Lecture 8 Transformations in the process of translation.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Бідасюк н. В., Бондар р. В. Практикум перекладу. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –431 с.
- •3. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Transformations in the process of translation.
- •2. Lexical, grammatical, lexico-grammatical transformations in the process of translation.
- •2.1. Grammatical transformation.
- •2.2. Lexical transformations.
- •2.3. Lexico-grammatical transformations.
- •3. Objectively and subjectively conditioned transformations of lexical units in the process of translation.
3. Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating.
Many phraseological expressions singled out by V. Vinogradov as unities may reflect national features of the SL (reference to traditions, customs, events, geographical position). Being nationally distinct cannot have in the TL traditionally established equivalents or loan variants. As a result, most of them may have more than one version in the TL. It may be either a regular sense-to-sense variant (an interlinear-type translation) or an artistic literary version with the expressiveness, the picturesqueness.
There must be acknowledged at least 2 main levels of translating the national idioms:
1) the level of the interlinear rendering, i. e., sense-to-sense translation only;
2) the literary /artistic level, which not only the sense but also the expressiveness, the vividness and the aphoristic nature of the idioms should possibly be conveyed as well.
Faithful translatoin of national idioms/phraseologisms is mostly achieved via deliberate transformations performed first at the interlinear level and then at literary level:
- he, that doesn't respect, isn't respected: хто інших не поважає - сам поваги не має; поважатимеш інших - поважатимуть і тебе; the wind cannot be prevented from blowing.
Transformations become absolutely inevitable when the English idioms contain a passive voice structure, the introductory it/there, or some other analytical constructions (with the auxiliary verbs do, does).
Lecture 7
Ways and means of expressing modality
in English and Ukrainian
1. The lexico – grammatical expression of modality through modal verbs.
2.English modal verbs having not always modal verb equivalents in Ukrainian.
3. Ways of conveying the meaning of subjective modality.
4.Grammatical modality and means of expressing it. Optative, incentive, subjunctive modality.
Literature used and recommended
Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
Комиссаров В.Н. Теория перевода - М.: Высшая школа, 1990.
Корунець І.В. Теорія і практика перекладу. - К.: Нова, 2001 - 446 с.
Федоров А.В. Основы общей теории перевода. - М.: Высшая школа, 1983.
Швейцар А.Д. Теория перевода. -М.: Наука, 1988.
Gentzles E. Contemporary Translation Theories. - London and New York. Rout
ledge, 1993.
Ways and means of expressing modality in English and Ukrainian.
Modality as an extralingual category expressing the relation of content to reality has common in both 1anguages means of realization:
phonological means (stress and intonation). They have an identical realization in both 1anguages, though in Ukrainian modal particles (аж, хоч, би, і, -но, -то, саме, таки) and modal adverbs (авжеж, адже, певне, все ж, мов, ніби) are mostly preferred here. Jane is sure to be at the party - неодмінно, обов'язково, напевно-таки, напевно ж.
lexico-grammatical means (modal verbs)
lexical means (modal words and expressions) conveying subjective modality;
grammatical means (mood forms of the verb) conveying grammatical modality.