- •Lecture1 The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation
- •List of literature used and recommended
- •Translation as a notion and subject. Interpretation.
- •2. The object of translation theory, the problems which the translatology studies.
- •3. Interrelation with other disciplines.
- •4. Stages of translation process.
- •5. Types of translation.
- •6. Pragmatic adaptation.
- •7. Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects.
- •8. Context.
- •Lecture 2 a short historical outline of European and Ukrainian translation.
- •List of literature used and recommended.
- •1. The earliest mentions of translation, the translation development during ancient times until 500ad.
- •2. Translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
- •3. Translation during the Renaissance period.
- •4. Translation during the period of classicism and Enlightenment.
- •5. The epoch of Romanticism and establishment of the principles of faithful translation in Europe.
- •6. Translation in Kyivan Rus’ during the 10th–13th centuries and in Ukraine during the 14th–16th centuries.
- •7. The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and revival of translation activities in Ukraine.
- •8. Translation during the years of Ukraine’s independence and early Soviet rule, post-war period, during the last decade of the 20th century.
- •Lecture 3 Lexicological aspects of translation. Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •Methods and ways of translating various proper names.
- •1. Rules and methods of Romanization of different Ukrainian proper nouns.
- •2. The main rules of conveying English sounds in Ukrainian translation of proper names.
- •3. Conveying the names of companies, corporations, firms.
- •Lecture 4 Units of international lexicon and ways of rendering their meaning and lingual form.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Identification of international lexicon units.
- •2. Ways of conveying the lexical meaning of genuine internationalisms.
- •3. Translating of loan internationalisms.
- •Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •Literature used and recommended
- •4. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •1. Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
- •2. Ways of rendering the meaning of nationally biased units of lexicon.
- •2. The ways of faithful rendering of the idiomatic / phraseological expressions.
- •3. Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating.
- •Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Ways and means of expressing modality in English and Ukrainian.
- •1. The lexico-grammatical expression of modality through modal verbs.
- •1.1. Can / could.
- •1.2. May / might – to be permitted / to be allowed
- •1.3. Must expresses strong obligation, duty, necessity -
- •1.4. Have to
- •1.7. Need
- •1.8. Dare
- •2. English modal verbs having not always modal verb equivalents in Ukrainian.
- •3. Ways of conveying the meaning of subjective modality.
- •4. Grammatical modality and mean of expressing it.
- •Lecture 8 Transformations in the process of translation.
- •Literature used and recommended
- •1. Бідасюк н. В., Бондар р. В. Практикум перекладу. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –431 с.
- •3. Карабан в.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. – в.: Нова книга, 2003. –607 с.
- •Transformations in the process of translation.
- •2. Lexical, grammatical, lexico-grammatical transformations in the process of translation.
- •2.1. Grammatical transformation.
- •2.2. Lexical transformations.
- •2.3. Lexico-grammatical transformations.
- •3. Objectively and subjectively conditioned transformations of lexical units in the process of translation.
3. Conveying the names of companies, corporations, firms.
3.1. Traditionally, most names of companies are transcribed or transliterated and shortly explicated at the same time. This method is also employed when rendering the names of publishing houses, titles of newspapers, magazines. A shorter explication is practiced when the name of the company is well- known, a longer when translating at speech / text level. Campbell Soups Co. – компанія по виробництву консервованих страв „Кемпбелл супс компані”, British – American Tobacco Co. – об’єднана анго-амер. компанія тютюнових виробів „Брітіш – Американ тобекко компані”, but: General Motors – корпорація „ Дженерал Моторз”.
Ukrainian companies, firms, state or private bodies are translated according to the same rule. E.g.: Київська фірма „Світанок” – Kyiv Svitanok civil services firm, Львівська взуттєва фірма „Прогрес” – Lviv Prohres footwear firm.
3.2. Translation of the names of publishing houses is performed according to the same rules. Cambridge University Press – англійське видавництво наукової та довідкової літератури при Кембріджському університеті „Кембридж юніверсіті прес”, Associated Book Publishers-лондонська книжково-видавнича фірма „Ассошіейтед бук паблішерз”
Frequently, the names of British (American, etc) publishing houses are not mentioned at all. In translation we should add the identifying noun видавництво: Penguin Books –лондонське вид-во „Пінгвін букс”, Random House (USA) – видавництво худ. лiтератури „Рендом Гаус” (США).
Names of Ukrainian publishing houses are rendered into English similarly: with noun Publishers or Publishing House added to it.
Вид-во„Дніпро” – Dnipro Publishers, вид-во „Школа” – Shkola Publishing House (primary and secondary school manuals, reference books, dictionaries).
3.3. Similarly the names of news agencies are rendered: Reuters (News Agency) – англ. інформаційне агентство „Рейтер”, інформаційне агентство ТАРС, Новості – Russian TASS / Novosti News Agency .
3.4. Names of theatres, cinemas, hotels are also mostly reproduced through transcription or transliteration and explication at the sаme time. The Empire – кінотеатр „Емпайер” (великий лондонський кінотеатр), Київський театр юного глядача – The Kyiv Young Spectators Theatre; Kyiv Cinema Hall. The Royal Court Hotel – готель „Роял Корт”, ресторан „Дніпро”,”Москва”- the Dnipro, Moskva restaurant; the Ukraine Hotel.
3.5. Names of Ukrainian newspapers, journals require in English more extended explication than in Ukrainian: газета „Голос України” – the Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada Holos Ukrainy newspaper; журнал „Іноземні мови” – Ukrainian teachers of foreign languages Inozemni Movy journal.
The titles of English papers are less explicated in Ukrainian translation: the New York Times – газета „Нью-Йорк таймс”, the article before the tittles is mostly omitted. The Teacher – „Тічер” (щотижнева газета вчителів Великобританії)
3.6. The names of streets, avenues and squares used in contextual environment, they are transcribed or transliterated: Wall Street – Волл-Стріт, Oxford Street – Оксфорд-Стріт.
When used out of context there must be additional noun вулиця, бульвар, провулок: The streets with numbers have them translated, First Avenue – Перша авеню, бульвар Лесі Українки – Lesya Ukrainka Avenue; Андріївський узвіз – in translation plus noun вулиця – Andruivskyi Uzviz Road. The names of streets given in honour of some events are translated: бульвар Дружби народів – The Friendship of Nations Avenue.
The names of English squares are mostly transcribed with adding площа: Percy Circus – пл. Персі – серкус або Parliament Square – пл. Парлeмент-Сквер, Парламентська площа.
Адміністративний район – district, rayon
Житловий район міста – residential area in
3.7. Names of public bodies such as political parties, trade unions, national or international bodies are translated: the Labour party – лейбористська партія, спортивне товариство „Динамо” – Dynamo sports society.
Names “trade union”, “association”, “society”, “brotherhood”, “organization”, “union” should always be translated as профспілка. Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers – об’єднана профспілка робітників машинобудівної промисловості.
Ukrainian trade unions in the some way: профспілка працівників освіти, вищої школи і наукових установ - Ukrainian Public Education, Higher School and Scientific Institutions Workers Union.
3.8. Specific attention should be paid to the translation of the names of institutions, enterprises, etc., bearing honorary names. In English the honorary name precedes the enterprise, whereas in Ukrainian it follows the name.
Humboldt State College – Державний коледж ім. Гумбальдта, Національна бібліотека України ім. академіка Вернадського - Ukrainian Academician Vernadskyi National Library.
Care should be taken to avoid the expression “the named after” which is to be used only in explanatory versions. Hence, the Lviv V. Stefanyk library and never “the named after” V. Stefanyk Lviv library.
