Unit 3 Steps of melting.

3.1 Melting

Activity 1 Read the words and word-combinations with the translation.

furnace ['fɜːnɪs]	горно; піч; топка
melting	плавлення
virgin ['vɜːʤɪn]	самородний (про метал)
external [ɪk'stɜːn(ə)l] scrap	внутрішня сварка
internal [ɪn'tɜːnl]scrap	зовнішня сварка
charge [ʧɑːʤ]	обтяжувати; навантажувати
refer [rɪ'fɜː]	відсилати, надсилати
pure [pjuə]	чистий; бездомішковий
primary ['praɪm(ə)rɪ]	первинний
particular [pə'tɪkjʊlə]	специфічний; своєрідний
electrolytic [ɪˌlektrə(ʊ)'lɪtɪk]nickel	електролітичний нікель
composition [ˌkɒmpə'zɪʃ(ə)n]	сполука
ferroalloys [ˌferəu'ælɔɪ]	залізний сплав, феросплав
forming processes	процеси формування
punching [pʌnʧ]	штампування
forging	виковування
machining [mə'ʃiːn]	оброблення на верстаті
riser ['raɪzə]	стояк
defective castings	дефективне лиття
melting the charge	плавлення заряду
refining [rɪ'faɪn] the melt	переробки розплаву
adjusting [ə'ʤʌstɪŋ] the melt chemistry ['kemɪstrɪ]	регулювання розплаву хімії
tapping ['taping] into a transport vessel ['ves(ə)l]	натиснувши на транспортне судно
deleterious [ˌdelɪ'tɪərɪəs]gases	шкідливі гази
molten ['məult(ə)n]	розтоплений
within [wɪ'ðɪn]	в, у межах
range [reɪnʤ]	лінія, ряд

Activity 2 Read and translate the text.

Melting is performed in a furnace. Virgin material, external scrap, internal scrap, and alloying elements are used to charge the furnace. Virgin material refers to pure forms of the primary metal used to form a particular alloy. Alloying elements are either pure forms of an alloying element, like electrolytic nickel, or alloys of limited composition, such as ferroalloys or master alloys. External scrap is material from other forming processes such as punching, forging, or machining. Internal scrap consists of the gates, risers, or defective castings.

The process includes melting the charge, refining the melt, adjusting the melt chemistry and tapping into a transport vessel. Refining is done to remove deleterious gases and elements from the molten metal. Material is added during the melting process to bring the final chemistry within a specific range specified by industry and/or internal standards.

Activity 3 Answer the questions.

1. Where is melting performed?

2. What is used to charge the furnace?

3. Virgin material refers to pure forms of the primary metal used to form a particular alloy, does not it?

4. What is external scrap?

5. What does internal scrap consist of?

6. What does the process include?

7. Is refining done to remove deleterious gases and elements from the molten metal?

8. What is added during the melting process? Why?

Activity 4 Complete the following sentences choosing the word-combinations given in the box.

virgin material, external scrap, internal scrap, and alloying elements

1) _____ is material from other forming processes such as punching, forging, or machining.

2) _____ refers to pure forms of the primary metal used to form a particular alloy.

3) _____ consists of the gates, risers, or defective castings.

4) _____ are either pure forms of an alloying element.