The construction of automobile

The automobile is built around an engine. Various systems supply the engine with fuel, cool it during operation, lubricate its moving parts, and remove exhaust gases. The engine produces mechanical power. Then it is transmitted to the automobile’s wheels through a power train. The power train includes a transmission, one or more driveshafts, a differential gear, and axles. Suspension systems include springs and shock absorbers. The automobile’s suspension system cushions the ride and helps protect the vehicle from bumps, heavy loads, and other stresses. Wheels and tires support the vehicle on the roadway. Wheels propel the vehicle forward or backward. Steering and braking systems provide control over direction and speed. An electrical system has many different functions. It starts and operates the engine. The electrical system also monitors and controls many aspects of the vehicle’s operation. It powers such components as headlights and radios. Safety features such as bumpers, air bags, and seat belts help protect passengers in an accident.

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

1. What is the most important part of a car? 2. Name the auto’s systems. 3. What do these systems do? 4. Tell in a few words about any system. 5. What does the engine produce?

Vocabulary exercises

Exercise 1. Переведите слова. Составьте свои предложения со словами.

Смазывать, система смазки, защищать, ремень безопасности, пристегнуть ремень безопасности, подушка безопасности, выхлопные газы, двигаться вперед и назад, выполнять разные функции, тормозная система, подвеска, бампер, фара, транспорт, пассажиры, смягчать удар, столкновение, система рулевого управления.

Exercise 2. Translate into Russian the definition of the word and guess what it is.

1) a belt or strap worn in a vehicle to restrain forward motion in the event of a collision

2) a horizontal metal bar attached to the front or rear end of a car, lorry, in order to protect against damage from impact

3) a safety device in a car, consisting of a bag that inflates automatically in an accident and prevents the passengers from being thrown forwards

4) a powerful light, equipped with a reflector and attached to the front of a motor vehicle

5) any device designed to absorb mechanical shock, especially one fitted to a motor vehicle to damp the recoil of the suspension springs

6) a person traveling in a car that is not driven by him

7) a rubber ring placed over the rim of a wheel of a road vehicle to provide traction and reduce road shocks

Exercise 3. Answer the questions using an active vocabulary of 1-4 lessons.

1. Do you or your family have a car?

2. Can you drive a car? If so, what kind of car do you have?

3. Is it a standard (manual shift) or automatic shift?

4. Which do you like best, a standard or automatic shift car?

5. What are the advantages of owning a car?

6. What are the disadvantages of owning a car?

7. Are the drivers in your area where you live good drivers?

8. Do you know anything about repairing or maintaining a car?

9. What do you know how to do? (Concerning car’s repair and maintenance)

10. Where did you learn how to do this?

11. Do you enjoy repairing cars? Why?

12. What are some things you do to maintain your car?

13. Do you prefer driving or riding public transportation?

14. What kind of car do you prefer?

15. What are the speed limits in your country?

16. At what age can you get a license in your country?

Exercise 4. Сгруппируйте слова из таблицы относительно того вида транспорта, к которому они относятся:

1.car 2.bus 3. train 4. plane 5 bicycle 6. Ferry

Handlebars One-way street Slip road Platform Seat belt Crash helmet Runway Joyrider

Carriage Coach Traffic lights Life jacket Service station Season ticket Gangway trolley tyres

horn cargo port check-in desk traffic jam spare tyre timetable hand luggage customs

Tunnel Lay-by porter cabin deck track Jetty Trailer

Exercise 5. Заполните пробелы предлогами to, into, on, by, along, over, through.

1. Jack usually goes ____ work ____ car.

2. I opened the door and went ____ the room.

3. He walked ___ the road.

4. Don’t wait outside! Come ____ the house.

5. How did you go to Paris? ___ plane.

6. The train will come ___ the tunnel.

7. Sorry! I’m late. I missed the bus, so I had to come ___ foot.

8. They walked ___ the bridge.