Причастие (the participle)

	Active	Passive
Present Participle (Participle I)	asking	being asked
Past Participle (Participle II)	-	asked
Perfect Participle	having asked	having been asked

1. Простая форма причастия I (taking, writing) выражает действие, одновременное с действием, обозначенным глаголом в личной форме, а перфектная (having taking, having written) выражает действие, предшествующее этому действию.

Reading the article I came across Читая статью, я натолкнулся на

an interesting expression. интересное выражение.

Having read the article, Прочитав статью, я отдал ее

I gave it to my teacher. преподавателю.

2. Когда причастие I (неперфектное) употребляется в функции обстоятельства времени, перед ним часто стоит союз when или while.

When speaking English pay attention Когда говорите по-английски (говоря),

to the order of words. обращайте внимание на порядок слов.

While speaking English, don’t forget Когда говорите по-английски,

to use article. не забывайте употреблять артикли.

3. С глаголами движения и умственного восприятия: to see, to hear, to look, to come,

to arrive, to enter, to place, to turn, и др. употребляется простая форма причастия I вместо перфектной.

Coming home I began to do my lessons. Придя домой, я начал делать уроки.

Hearing the knock he came up to the door. Услышав стук, он подошел к двери.

Entering the room he found a letter on the table. Войдя в комнату, он нашел на столе

письмо.

Seeing his friend he came up to him. Увидев друга, он подошел к нему.

ПЕРЕВОД РАЗНЫХ ФОРМ ПРИЧАСТИЯ НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Формы причастия	Как их переводить
	причастием	деепричастием
reading	читающий	читая
having read	-	прочитав
being read	читаемый (т.е. который читают)	будучи читаемым (т.е. когда его читали) будучи прочитанным (т.е. когда его прочитали)
having been read	-	будучи прочитанным (т.е. когда его прочитали)
read	прочитанный	-

Ex. 301. Translate the sentences from English unto Russian.

1. The boy lay sleeping when the doctor came. 2. The broken arm was examined by the doctor. 3. While being examined, the boy could not help crying. 4. Having prescribed the medicine the doctor went away. 5. The medicine prescribed by the doctor was bitter. 6. The first rays of the rising sun lit up the top of the hill. 7. While using the needle you should be careful not to prick your finger. 8. Having been shown the wrong direction, the travellers soon lost their way. 9. He stood watching the people who were coming down the street shouting and waving their hands. 10. You can get the book recommended in the library. 11. Receiving no letters from his father, he called him. 12. Informed of the arrival of the ship, they sent a car to the port. 13. Having lived in this town all his life, he knew it very well. 14. Having arranged everything, he went home on the 10.30 train. 15. A person bringing good news is always welcome. 16. While skating yesterday, he fell and hurt himself. 17. She showed the travelers into the room reserved for them. 18. Being a great book-lover, he spent a lot of money on books. 19. Having been well prepared for the interview, he could answer all the questions. 20. He left the office at three o’clock, saying he would be back at five.

P A T T E R N S

The rising sun lit up the top of the trees. The boy standing at the door is my brother. Take off the broken cup. I’m fond of books written by L.Tolstoy.

Восходящее солнце осветило верхушки деревьев. Мальчик, стоящий у двери, мой брат. Уберите разбитую чашку. Мне нравятся книги, написанные Л.Толстым.

Ex. 302. Translate the following combinations of words into English.

1. прыгающий мяч, плачущий ребенок, бегущий мальчик, скучный фильм, волнующая встреча, смеющиеся зрители, развивающаяся экономика, растущие связи, улыбающаяся девушка, горящий дом, утомительная поездка, трогательная история, изнурительная работа, заманчивое предложение, разговаривающие дети, играющие музыканты.

2. иллюстрированный журнал; журнал, иллюстрированный известным художником; разбитое стекло; стекло, разбитое два дня назад; сломанная ветка; ветка сломанная ветром; взволнованные голоса; дети, взволнованные неприятным сообщением; потерянный ключ; ключ, потерянный вчера; закрытая дверь; дверь, запертая изнутри; написанное письмо; письмо, написанное незнакомым почерком; упавшее дерево; книга, упавшая со стола; украденные документы; документы, украденные у секретаря; испуганный мальчик; мальчик, испуганный собакой.

3. проигравшая команда; проигрывающая команда; кипяченая вода; кипящая вода; забытый метод; человек, забывший (раньше); жареная рыба; жарящаяся рыба; вспрыгнувший на стол кот; прыгающая собака; смеющийся голос; смеявшаяся девушка.

Ex. 303. Translate the sentences from English unto Russian.

1. The tree broken by the wind lies across the road. 2. The meeting held at our school yesterday was very interesting. 3. The dancing girl is very pretty. 4. Where is the letter written by you? 5. The written letter is on the table. 6. The leaves appearing in the threes remind us of spring. 7. I like the roses grown in your garden. 8. Let the sleeping dog lie. 9. Have you seen the film showing the launching of a new spaceship? 10. The man sitting over there is our director. 11. He has an amazing memory for languages. 12. Learn the words written on the blackboard. 13. I heard an exiting story yesterday. 14. It is a house built many years ago. 15. It was difficult to find the lost book. 16. A fish taken out of water cannot live. 17. A barking dog seldom bites.

Ex. 304. Underline the correct form of the Participle.

1. The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard is our best friend.

2. Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.

3. The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is very beautiful.

4. The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.

5. Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework at that table?

6. The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.

7. The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister.

8. The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.

9. We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Russian folk songs.

10. We listened to the Russian folk songs (singing, sung) by the girls.

Ex. 305. Underline the correct form of the Participle.

1. I enjoyed the book. It was very (interested, interesting).

2. They were (shocked, shocking) when they heard the news.

3. He thought the story was (amused, amusing).

4. I was (worried, worrying) when she didn’t come home.

5. It was (surprised, surprising) that she didn’t come to the station.

6. I usually find hockey rather (bored, boring).

7. Are you (interested, interesting) in biology?

8. She was far too (frightened, frightening) to call.

9. (Paralyzed, paralyzing) with terror he did not know what to do.

10. Janet will be (disappointed, disappointing) if she fails the exams.

P A T T E R N S

Buying the flowers he didn’t notice that some stems had been broken. Having bought the flowers he asked the salesman to send them to his girl-friend.

Покупая цветы он не заметил, что некоторые стебли были сломаны. Купив цветы, он попросил продавца отослать их его девушке.

Ex. 306. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Participle or Perfect Participle.

1. (to do) his homework, he was thinking hard. _______________________________________

2. (to do) his homework, he went for a work. _________________________________________

3. (to sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hoping to see his friends. ________________

4. (to sell) all the fruit, he went to see his friends.______________________________________

5. (to eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea. ______________________________________

6. (to drink) tea, she scalded her lips. _______________________________________________

7. (to run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my knee. ________________________________________

8. (to look) through the magazines, I came across an interesting article. ____________________

9. (to write) out and (to learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily.

___________________________________________________________________________

10. (to talk) to her neighbours in the street, he didn’t notice how a thief stole her money. ______

11. (to read) the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf._________________________

12. (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm.___________________________________________

Ex. 307. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the participle.

1. _____________________________(to translate) by a good specialist, the story preserved all

the sparking humor of the original.

2. ______________________(to wait) in the hall, he thought over the problem he was planning

to discuss with the old lady.

3. __________________________(to phone) the agency, he left _________________ (to say)

he would be back in two hours.

4. ______________________(to write) in a very bad handwriting, the letter was difficult to read.

5. _______________________(to spend) twenty years abroad he was happy to be coming home.

6. She looked at the enormous bunch of roses with a happy smile, never ___________________

(to give) such a wonderful present.

7. The girl was fascinated by the dark surface of the water ______________(to reflect) the stars.

8. ___________________(to look) through the papers, he gave them to the secretary to be typed.

9. Except for the grand piano and the pianist ___________(to sit) before it, the stage was empty.

10. He looked at the scene ________________(to shake) to the depth of his heart.

11. The boy came out of the water, all blue and __________________(to shake) from head

to foot.

12. The young foliage of the trees, _________________(to reflect) in the river, looked like lace.

13. ______________________________(to finish) their meal, they went for a stroll in the park.

14. My father hates being disturbed when _________________________(to engage) in some

kinds of work.

15. He always keeps a diary while ______________________(to travel).

16. ____________________(to hear) the door bell, he went to open the door.

17. He came forward _____________________(to smile).

18. _____________________________(to descend) the mountain, they heard a man _________

(to call) for help.

19. _________________________(not to wish) to discuss the problem, he changed the

conversation.

Ex. 308. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Том подошел к смеющейся девочке.

2. Он положил на стол смятое письмо.

3. Сделав уроки, дети пошли гулять.

4. Она любит смотреть на играющих детей.

5. Ребенок всегда с интересом слушает сказки, рассказываемые няней.

6. Мальчик, бегущий мимо дома, вдруг остановился.

7. Услышав шаги, он остановился.

8. Выпив чашку чая, он почувствовала себя лучше.

9. Вещи, оставленные в камере хранения, можно получить в любое время.

10. Дети играли в разрушенном коттедже.

11. Он стоял, прислонившись к дереву.

12. Прочитав книгу, он вернул ее в библиотеку.

13. Узнав стоимость автомобиля, он решил его не покупать.

15. Он указал пальцем на женщину, которая стояла у метро.

16. Он положил спящего ребенка на диван.

17. Будучи очень усталым, я решил остаться дома и посмотреть ТВ.

18. Переходя через мост, я встретил Дмитрия.

19. Попрощавшись с друзьями, он уехал в аэропорт.

20. Будьте осторожны, пересекая улицу.