Should / ought to
1. Обязательст- во, совет, реко-мендация, упрек, сожале- ние а) субъектив- ное мнение “я считаю” |
You should take a holiday and have a good rest.
You shouldn’t leave your car near the gate. You shouldn’t be late for the seminar. |
Вы бы (вам нужно, следует) взяли отпуск и хорошо от- дохнули. Вы бы не оставляли машину у калитки. Вам не следует опаздывать на семинары. |
Should имеет толь- ко одну форму и употребляя- ется в нас- тоящем времени. |
б) опора на здравый смысл, нормы, правила инструкции – “так принято” |
You ought to leave your address with the secretary. You ought not to drive so fast on this road. You ought to be more con- siderate to other people’s feelings. |
Вам следует оставить адрес у секретарши. Тебе не следует так быстро ехать по этой дороге. Вам следует быть более вни- мательным к чувстам дру- гих людей. |
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2. Упрек, сожа- ление по пово- ду совершив- шегося дейст- вия, критика. |
You should have thought about it earlier. You shouldn’t have mentioned his name in her presence. |
Вам надо было (следовало) подумать об этом раньше. Тебе не следовало (не нужно было) упоминать его имя в её присутствии. |
Should с перфектным инфинитивом |
3. Упрек, сожа- ление, удивле- ние, возмуще- ние по поводу совета, реко- мендации. |
Why should I help him?
How should I know? Why should I believe him? |
Зачем (с какой стати) мне помогать ему? Откуда мне знать? С какой стати я должна ему верить?
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Should в вопросит. предложени- ях после why, how |
Ex. 241. Several things are in the wrong rooms. Where should they be?
Example: The fridge shouldn’t be in the bathroom. It should be in the kitchen.
Continue …
Ex. 242. What advice would you give in the following situations? Use should.
1 Alan had a terrible quarrel with his wife at the weekend. It was his fault.
What do you think he should do? I think __he should apologise to his wife.________
2 Lane watches videos every night. She never goes out with her friends.
What advice do you give? I think _______________________________________________
3 David and Paula haven’t got much money. But they go out every night and spend money. At
the end of the month they can’t pay their gas and electricity bills. What advice would you
give?
I don’t think ________________________________________________________________
4 Joseph is very intelligent, but he wants to leave school and get a job. His parents think he
should go to university. What do you think?
I think _____________________________________________________________________
5 Maria told me some interesting news last night, but she said, “Please, don’t tell anyone.” Now
Claire has asked me about Maria’s news. What do you think I should do?
I don’t think ________________________________________________________________
Ex. 243. Make one sentence with should and one sentence with shouldn’t.
1 GARY: I always feel tired these days. What do you think I should do?
ANNE: __You should have_ a holiday. __You shouldn’t work__ so hard.
2 GARY: I’ve got another hole in one of my teeth. What do you think I should do?
ANNE: _____________________ to the dentist. __________________ so many sweets.
3 GARY: I’ve got a terrible headache again. What do you think I should do?
ANNE: ___________________ an aspirin. ____________________ without your glasses.
4 GARY: I’ve got a bad cough. What do you think I should do?
ANNE: _________________________ some medicine. ____________________ so many
cigarettes.
5 GARY: Bill wants to borrow my car for the weekend, but he’s a terrible driver. What do
you think I should do?
ANNE: _____________________ him that you need it. ___________________ it to him.
Ex. 244. You are asking a friend for advice.
Make questions with Do you think I / we should…?
1. There two buttons missing on this shirt I’ve just bought.
__Do you think I should take_ it back to the shop?
2. I think I work very hard but I don’t get a big salary.
______________________________________ my boss for more money?
3. Simon’s late again, and the train leaves in five minutes.
______________________________________ a bit longer or go without him?
4. Martina has been sleeping for 18 hours and it’s lunchtime soon.
______________________________________ her up?
5. Jane is very nervous about going on holiday alone.
______________________________________ with her?
6. We must be at the airport at 6.00 a.m. and the buses are not very good in the mornings.
______________________________________ a taxi?
Ex. 245. Complete the sentences with should (have) + the verb in brackets.
1. Diane __should pass_ _the exam. She’s been studying very hard. (pass)
2. You missed a great party last night. __You should have come.__ (come)
3. We don’t see you enough. You _________________________ and see us more often. (come)
4. I’m in a difficult position. What do you think I ____________________________? (do)
5. I’m sorry that I didn’t take your advice. I __________________________ what you said. (do)
6. I’m playing tennis with Jane tomorrow. She _____________________ - she’s much better
than me. (win)
7. We lost the match, but we __________________________. We were the better team. (win)
8. “Is Mike here yet?” “Not yet, but he __________________________ here soon. (be)
9. I posted the letter three days ago, so it _______________________ by now. (arrive)
Ex. 246. Read the situation and writhe sentences with should / shouldn’t.
Some of them are past and some are present.
1. I’m feeling sick. I ate too much. __I shouldn’t have eaten so much.______________
2. That man on the motorbike isn’t wearing a helmet. That’s dangerous.
He __should be wearing a helmet.____________________________________
3. When we got to the restaurant, there were no free tables. We hadn’t reserved one.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. The notice says that the shop is open every day from 8.30. It is 9 o’clock now, but the shop
isn’t open yet. _______________________________________________________________
5. The speed limit is 30 miles an hour, but Kate is doing 50.
She ________________________________________________________________________
6. Laura gave me her address, but I didn’t write it down. Now I can’t remember it.
I __________________________________________________________________________
7. I was driving behind another car. Suddenly, the driver in front stopped without warning and I
drove into the back of his car. It wasn’t my fault.
The driver in front ____________________________________________________________
8. I walked into a wall. I was looking behind me. I wasn’t looking where I was going.
___________________________________________________________________________
Ex. 247. Match the English sentences with their equivalents in Russian.
1. You should write him a letter. 2. You shouldn’t write him about it. 3. Should I write him a letter? 4. You should have written him a letter.
5. You shouldn’t have written him about it. 6. Do you think I should write him about it? 7. Why should I write him about it?
8. Why should you have written him about it?
9. There is no reason why you shouldn’t write him about it.
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1. Тебе не следует писать ему об этом. 2. Тебе следовало написать ему письмо. 3. Ты бы написал ему письмо. 4. С какой стати я должен писать ему об этом? 5. Не написать ли мне ему письмо? 6. Тебе не надо было писать ему об этом. 7. Не вижу причины, почему бы тебе не написать ему об этом. 8. Как ты думаешь? Мне нужно писать ему об этом? 9. Зачем тебе было писать ему об этом? |
Ex. 248. Change the following sentences as in the examples.
I don’t advice you to work so hard. (Тебе не следует так много работать)
__You shouldn’t work so hard.
Why didn’t you tell Mr. Brown about it? (следовало рассказать)
You should have told Mr. Brown about it.
1. I am feeling sick. I am sorry I have eaten so much chocolate. (не нужно было есть)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. I advice you to take some book to read on the train. (Ты бы взял)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Don’t forget your old friends, Bob. (не следует забывать)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Why did you touch upon this question? (не нужно было затрагивать)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. He didn’t think about it earlier. (Ему бы надо было подумать)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. You are not tactful enough with your colleagues. (надо быть более тактичным)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Please return these books to the library in ten days. (Вам следует вернуть)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Don’t spend money on unnecessary things. (Ты бы не тратил)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Why didn’t you introduce us earlier? (нужно было познакомить)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. Don’t take medicine when you don’t need it. (не следует принимать)
___________________________________________________________________________
11. It’s a pity you refused his offer. (не следовало отказываться)
___________________________________________________________________________