Cравнительная таблица глагольных форм в активном и пассивном залогах

АКТИВНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect
Present	build	am /is/ are building	have / has built
Past	built	was /were building	had built
Future	will build	will be building	will have built

ПАССИВНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect
Present	am /is /are built	am is /are being built	has / have been built
Past	was / were built	was / were being built	had been built
Future	will be built	_	will have been built

Passive (present simple)

Present simple tense of verb to be (am, is, are) + past participle

Active: The Italians eat a lot of pasta. Passive: A lot of pasta is eaten in Italy.

Ex. 121. Write the sentences in passive.

Example: We read books every day.

Books are read every day (by us).

1. We ask a lot of questions at the lessons. 7. Cats eat mice.

2. We always invite him to our place. 8. They speak English here.

3. Ann sees him every day. 9. She usually writes letters in the evening.

4. They play football out-of-doors. 10. They take many books from the library.

5. I always buy tickets for him. 11. They serve wine and beer here.

6. Mother cooks dinner every day. 12. They grow grapes in the Crimea.

Ex. 122. British facts.

Do these facts surprise you? Use the present passive of the verb in brackets.

Example: 70 billion cups of tea __are drunk__ (drink) in Britain every year.

1 A billion litres of fruit juice ______________________(buy) by the British every year.

2 20 million litres of milk ______________________(drink) every day.

3 9 million chickens and turkeys ________________________(kill) every week.

4 Not everybody eats meet. Meat _______________________(not eat) by three per cent of

British people.

5 3,500 litres of water ________________(use) by the average British family every week.

6 In Britain over 15 million newspapers ____________________(read) every day.

7 Over 30 million television sets ________________(own) by British families.

8 Every day enough rubbish _______________________(produce) to fill Trafalgar Square -

up to the top of Nelson’s Column!

Ex. 123. At the doctor’s.

Write what happens when you go to the doctor’s. Use present simple passive.

Example: He tests your eyes. Your eyes are tested.______

1 He looks at your throat. ________________________________________________________

2 He takes your pulse. __________________________________________________________

3 He weighs you. _____________________________________________________________

4 He checks your blood pressure. _________________________________________________

5 He examines your chest. ______________________________________________________

6 He X-rays your lungs. ________________________________________________________

7 He takes a blood sample. ______________________________________________________

8 He measures your height. ______________________________________________________

9 He tests your hearing. ________________________________________________________

10 He listens to your heart. _______________________________________________________

Ex. 124. Use present passive simple in the following informative text to describe the

processes and events.

a. Production of Crisps

Crisps ______________(make) from potatoes. The potato was discovered in Peru in the 16^th century and brought to Europe by the Spanish. Crisps were invented in the United States. More crisps _________________(eat) today in America than in any other country. But, in fact, they __________________(not call) crisps in America. They ________________(call) chips. How they ________________(make)?

The potatoes ______________(grow) and they _______________(dig up), _____________(put)

into sacks and _______________(take) to the factory. There the potatoes _____________(wash), _____________(peel) and ______________(slice). The slices of potatoes _____________(cook)

in hot vegetable oil. The cooked crisps _________________(take) to the packing machine. Then flavourings and salt ________________(add). The crisps ______________(put) into packets and the packets ______________(put) into boxes. Then the boxes ________________(send) to shops, cafes and pubs.

b. Making a pizza

After flour and water _______________(mix), the pizza base ________________(make). Tomatoes and cheese _______________(put) on the base and then toppings ____________(add). The pizza ______________(cook) in the oven. When it is ready, it _______________(take out) of the oven and _______________(serve).