Study the following words and combinations:

self-propelled	-	самохідний
high average daily runs	-	високі середньодобові пробіги
assembly units	-	вузли
car body	-	кузов
frame	-	рама
running gear	-	ходова частина
automatic coupling devices	-	пристрої автоматичного зчеплення
side and flank walls	-	бокові та торцеві стіни
longitudinal and crosscut bars	-	подовжні та поперечні балки
understructure	-	основа кузова
brakes	-	гальма
bearing structure	-	несуча конструкція
design speed	-	розрахункова швидкість
wheel pairs	-	колісні пари
boxes	-	букси
spring suspension	-	ресорне підвішування
bogy	-	візок
multyaxial	-	багато осьовий
absorbing device	-	поглинаючий пристрій
deceleration of running	-	уповільнення руху
brake air distributor	-	гальмовий повітророзподільник
ducting	-	система труб
compressed air tank	-	резервуар стисненого повітря
linkage	-	підоймова передача
handbrakes	-	ручні гальма
electric pneumatic brakes	-	електропневматичні гальма
frictionless bearings	-	підшипник кочення
parking brake	-	стояночне гальмо
riveted	-	клепані
forced ventilation	-	примусова вентиляція
electric supply system	-	система електропостачання
axle load	-	навантаження на вісь

Exercise 1 Answer the following questions:

1. What is a car?

2. What determines the creation of highly reliable constructions with great reserve of strength, reliability and durability of assembly units?

3. What are the main parts of each car?

4. Characterize each of these parts.

5. What are located on the frame?

6. What do running gears include?

7. What do modern automatic coupling devices consist of?

8. What breaks are the cars of the CIS equipped with?

Exercise 2 Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English.

1. Вагонобудівництво є одним із найбільш матеріаловмісних промисловостей, яке використовує різні будівельні матеріали.

2. Кузов складається із бокових, торцевих стін, підлоги та даху (в закритих кузовах).

3. До ходових частин входять колісні пари, букси та ресорне підвішування.

4. Сучасне авто зчеплення складається з поглинаючого апарата.

5. Вагони класифікуються за осями ( двох -, чотирьох -, шести -, восьми -, та багато осьові), габариту ширини колії, обладнанню кузова та матеріалу, режиму експлуатації.

Exercise 3 Complete the following sentences using suitable words or phrases from the box below

car body, frame, brake, running gears, automatic coupling device, axis

1. ……….. serves for deceleration of running and full stop of a car and keeping it at place.

2. ………..is intended for passengers and freights allocation.

3. ……….serve for smooth running of a car along the track with design speed and minimal resistance.

4. ……………. takes forces, affecting a car.

5. Cars are classified according to the number of ………. .

6. ………is intended for coupling cars with each other and with a locomotive.

Exercise 4 Write an annotation to text 1

Text 2 New types of passenger rolling stock

During the last decades we can notice rapid development of all the spectrum of rolling stock – from freight to trailer cars of passenger trains; from motor cars, rapidly adapting to changing requirements in accordance with the design and level of comfort, to high speed trains.

Passenger transport is made a number of serious demands of the frequency of traffic and the accuracy of keeping to its schedule, safety, time of travel, comfort and the price of travel.

In order to increase trafficability of railways and the reduction of the cost of passenger transportation, many countries use double decked passenger cars. Double decked cars in the comparison with ordinary cars have 60% more seats and 30% less weight and total cost. Double decked cars are widely used in twelve European countries and also in the USA, India, Japan, China and Australia.

To attract long-distance passengers to travel by night trains on Japanese railways, a double decked night electric train “Sunrise Express” was put into operation. Its cars are 20 m. in length in 3 m. in width. The planning and the equipment of passenger saloons are made in such a way that passengers have a feeling of “home”. Armchairs, beds, lamps and other familiar elements of home atmosphere make comfort and cosiness due to wall panels, made of new composite materials of pleasant warm shadows, good soundproofing and thermal protection of compartments. The train has saloons and compartments of different levels, shower cabins, telephones.

Nowadays, having insignificant traffic flow, the increase of profitability and mobility of suburban passenger rolling stock is solved at the expense of a new kind of traffic usage – rail buses.

The first rail buses RS1 appeared on German railways in 1996 and at the end of 1999 more than 130 such buses were in the operation.

Rail buses of such model were bought by the railway companies of Poland, Slovakia and other countries.

Such kind of buses is intended for regional communication with relatively small traffic flow, but only in traffic connection of several units under general control.

Four-axle rail bus RS1 represents a sort of autonomous passenger rolling stock of a light-weight type. Two diesel engines, 257 kWt each, are used as a tractive drive. Maximum axle load doesn’t exceed 14 t, due to which the operation of the rail bus is possible on the lines with

relatively weak permanent way.

Fig. 3 – Planning of rail bus RS1

The bus is served by one person. It can transport 170 passengers. There are 76 seats inside. Comfortable armchairs, big windows and the system of information provide high level of comfort for passengers. There are two wide entrance doors at each side of a saloon, a toilet of closed type and a place for invalid carriages and many other developments.

By order of the Ministry of Railway Transport of Russia, in 1997 a pilot model of a rail bus, intended for transportation of passengers on non-electrified section of railways, was designed and produced at Mytishchi machine-building plant. Rail bus can be used for city, suburban and interregional communication. It represents a self-propelled transport unit with two operation cabins, produced on the base of a car body and a crew part of a new underground car “Yauza”. The control is made by one driver who is in one of the cabins.

Study the following words and combinations:

trailer car	-	причіпний вагон
motor car	-	моторний вагон
trafficability	-	пропускна спроможність
double decked passenger car	-	двоповерховий пасажирський вагон
soundproofing	-	звукоізоляція
thermal protection	-	термоізоляція
rail bus	-	рейковий автобус
pilot model	-	опитна модель

Exercise 1 Answer the following questions

1. What can we notice during the latest decades?

2. What can you say about double decked cars?

3. Where are double decked cars used?

4. Why do many countries use double decked cars?

5. Why was the train “Sunrise Express” put into operation (on Japanese railways)?

6. Where and when was the first rail bus appeared?

7. Describe please four-axle rail bus RS1

8. What types of body frame construction are used in the sleeping car?

9. What countries bought RS 1?

10. What communication is such kind of buses intended for?

11. Is the bus served by one person?

12. What pilot model of a rail bus was designed in 1997 by order of the Ministry of Railway Transport of Russia?

Exercise 2 Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Sleeping cars provided with an air-conditioning system are very comfortable for long-distance travel.

2. Passenger cars look very attractive provided they are finished with plastic materials.

3. Several railway companies provided new types of double-deckers for the Leipzig Fair held last year.

Exercise 3 Understanding the main points

1. Many countries use double decked passenger cars because……………………………………………… .

2. Double decked night electric train Sunrise Express was put into operation because ……………… .

3. Railway transport takes the leading place in the complex of the CIS member-states because ………………. .

4. Under the conditions of liberalization of transport services market railways must first of all meet the requirements of quality characteristics because ………… .

Exercise 4 Make up your dialogues on the base of the given text.

Exercise 5 Translate from Ukrainian into English.

1. За останнє десятиріччя спостерігається швидкий розвиток усього спектру рухомого складу.

2. До пасажирського транспорту пред’являється цілий ряд серйозних вимог.

3. Для того, щоб підвищити пропускну спроможність залізниць та зменшити вартість перевезень, багато країн використовують двоповерхові пасажирські вагони.

4. Зараз підвищення рентабельності та мобільності приміського пасажирського рухомого складу вирішується за рахунок рейкових автобусів.

5. Такі автобуси призначені для регіональних сполучень і виявляють собою різновидність автономного рухомого складу полегшеного типу.

Exercise 5 Role play.

1.You are the representative of Lugansk locomotive-building plant. Your task is to make agreement with Japanese, German and Russian colleagues as to the utilization of rail buses on Ukrainian railroads.

2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of rail buses usage on Ukrainian railroads. Will it need additional capital investments? How can you imagine this bus?

3. You are the designer of such rail bus. Try to convince The State Committee of the necessity of these rail bases on our railroads.

Text 3 The peculiarities of freight cars development.

Railway transport takes the leading place in the transportation system of the member-states of the CIS. It carries the principal volume of mass freight traffic (80…85%) and the considerable part of passenger traffic (60%). Besides, railway transport, in the comparison with the other kinds of transport, has the best indices of power consumption per one unit of transportation work and of environment affection.

Recently, in Russia, the volume of traffic has been substantially increased. So, it was decided to create a new generation park of freight cars. A lot of new specialized cars are being designed, particularly tank-wagons for transportation of oil products. For example, a new construction of a tank-wagon with variable cross-section of a barrel for transportation of petrol and light oil products has been created at “Ruzhimmash” plant.

The transition to the production of cars with carrying capacity of 75t, having higher static loadings, has been anticipated. New cars, equipped with bogies, carrying the loading from wheel pairs on rails up to 25t, will have constructive speed 120…140 kmph.

A train average weight will be increased by 1000…1200t. Schedules of accelerated movement of container trains have been worked out; the simplified order of transported freights declaration has been introduced.