Українська державна академія залізничного транспорту

Гуманітарний центр

Кафедра “Іноземні мови”

Методичні вказівки до розмовної теми “Мій фах” з розвитку

навичок професійного спілкування для студентів 2 курсу спеціальності “Рухомий склад та спеціальна залізнична техніка (Вагони)”

(англійська мова)

Харків, 2005

Методичні вказівки розглянуті та рекомендовані до друку на засіданні кафедри “Іноземні мови” 24.01.2005, протокол №6

Укладачі: ст.викл. Токмакова Л.І., викл. Загрійчук Л.М.

Рецензент: доцент Донець С.М.

Introduction

Railway transport takes the leading place in the complex of the CIS member-states, providing the main volume of the freight traffic and the sufficient part of the passenger traffic. It has almost 80 % of freight turnover of all kinds of general usage traffic and more than 40% of passenger turnover.

It is known, that the rise of the efficiency and the quality of railway traffic depends on the number of requirements to the technique-economics features of a wagon – such as productivity, capital outlays, maintenance readiness and material capacity. The main reserve of transport expenditure decrease is introduction of modern technologies, revival of industrial production. It is necessary to mention, that the process of traffic volumes extension in Ukraine has already begun. The fact, that in 2003 445, 5 million tons of freight were transported in Ukraine and it is 13, 5 % more, than in 2002; freight turnover was increased by 16, 7%, particularly transit was increased by 14, 6 % states for this.

The analyses of work of car building and car repairing plants for the recent years shows, that revival of car building market has begun. Under the conditions of economy reformation of Ukraine and its gradual inclusion into the system of world economic contacts, railway transport of our country must solve important problems of adaptation to the work in the market conditions and meet the increasing demands to the quality and the efficiency of transport services. Nowadays we must create rolling stock that can be operated not only on Ukrainian railroads and railroads of the CIS but on the West- European routs.

The increase of the compatibility of railways is connected with the fact, that operation rolling stock park must be brought to the conformity with norms and rules of International Railway Union. It is necessary to solve the following tasks.

In freight car-building: to create cars of “East-West” type, bogies with automatic change of gauge, cars for combined transportation; to extend terminal capacities and to develop technologies of container and contrailer transportations; to perfect universal cars constructions aiming at the reduction of tare weight and the increase of its strength; to create and to master refrigerator containers with nitrogen cooling system, tank-wagons the construction of which excludes the emission of hazardous pollutants into the atmosphere in alert conditions; to develop the other types of ecologically safe and reliable rolling stock, including “overhaul constructions”.

In passenger car-building: to create a new generation of passenger cars, diesel and electric trains with advanced comfort, safe for passengers and environment, reliable and economical in operation. The characteristic features of a new generation underground cars will be advanced comfort, high speed and more efficient tractive and braking systems. The realization of all these will facilitate the integration of Ukrainian railway transport into All-European transportation system.

Under the conditions of liberalization of transport services market railways must first of all meet the requirements of quality characteristics. The positions of railways depend upon the realization of these tasks.