The university of london

1. Lexics to the text:

1. a century – век, столетие

2. the cost of education – стоимость образования

3. wealthy classes – зажиточные классы

4. restrictive – ограничительный

5. religious tests – религиозные тесты

6. to overcome limitations – преодолеть (снять) ограничения

7. a non-denominational college – колледж, принимающий учащихся, независимо от религиозной принадлежности

8. hostile forces – враждебные силы

9. to be opposed – выступать против

10. a rival institution – соперническое отделение

11. through a compromise – через компромисс

12. to join forces – объединить силы

13. to retain the contral – осуществлять контроль

14. to create – создавать

15. to conduct examination – проводить экзаменовку

16. to confer degrees upon smb. – присваивать степень кому-либо

17. to be forced – быть вынужденным

18. either … or – либо … либо, или … или

19. to become possible – стать возможным

20. to broaden – расширить

21. to depart from – отказаться от

22. to present students for degrees –представлять студентов к степени

23. provided – если, при условии

24. to satisfy – удовлетворять, соответствовать

25. Matriculation requirements – требования зачисления в ВУЗ

26. the reign of Victoria – царствование королевы Виктории

27. rapid changes – быстрые изменения

28. both … and – и … и, как … так и

29. both of teaching and research – как для обучения, так и для исследования

30. to abolish religious tests – снять религиозные тесты, упразднить

31. to admit women for degrees – представлять женщин на присвоение степени

32. to be associated with – ассоциироваться с …

2. Read and translate the text:

In the early ninteenth century Oxford and Cambridge were the only two universities in England. The cost of education at these universities was so high that only the sons of the wealthier classes could afford to attend. But more restrictive still were the religious tests: only Church of England members could attend. It was to overcome these limitations that in 1827, in Gover Street, London, a non-denominational college, “University College” was founded. Its first years were of struggle for survival against hostile forces of Church and State. The “godless” college was opposed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Sir Robert Peel, and the Prime Minister, the Duke of Wellington, who in 1831 opened a rival institution-King’s College.

In 1836 these two institutions, University College and King’s through a typically English compromise joined forces. Each retained the control of its own internal organisation, faculty, and teaching; a separate body, the Universuty of London, was created to „conduct the examination of, and to confer degrees upon, their students“. Thus was born the University of London.

In the early years a candidate for the University of London was forced to attend University College or King‘s, but in 1849 it became possible for an institution situated „anywhere in the British Empire (and recognized by the U. of L.) to present students for degrees“ – a unique provision. In 1858 the regulations were further broadened so that now anyone anywhere may sit for U. of L. examination provided that he satisfies Marticulation requirements. Consequently there are Africans who have U. of L. degrees who have never seen London.

The long reign of Victoria saw many and rapid changes in the University. Medical schools of the various teaching hospitals, Bedford College for women, Imperial College of Science and Technology, and many other schools and colleges became a part of the federal university. The famed London School of Economics was a newcomer in 1895.

Up until 1900 the University was only an examining body but in that year an Act of Parliament permitted that „The Senate …may provide lecture rooms, museums, laboratories, workshops, and other facilities for the purpose both teaching and research“. This allowed the first actual teaching on level; however, the Senate has never invaded the undergraduate field, except specialized subjects.

In many ways the University has departed from the traditions of Oxford and Cambridge. London was the first to abolish religious tests, to admit women in England for degrees, to grant degrees without residence. The following names are associated with the U. of L. : Sir Alex Fleming, Thomas Arnold, Michael Faraday, Lord Macmillan and others.

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