Nature’s building blocks.

What are atoms?

Over two thousand years ago, about 400 B.C., the Greek philosopher Democritus tried to figure out what the world is made up of and how it came to be the way it is. He came to the conclusion that all things are made up of tiny particles, too small to be seen. There are many kinds of them and they are always moving about, sometimes combining, and sometimes separating again. Democritus deserves tremendous credit for giving us this theory. In the past people believed in many ideas which with new knowledge and experience later proved false. But all discoveries of science in over two thousand years of work show that Democritus was right.

Further study has shown that the molecules are made up of still smaller particles known as atoms. Although there are thousands of different molecules, there are only 103 different kinds of atoms. These 103 kinds of atoms are the building blocks out of which all material things are made.

Notes: B.C. – до нашей эры

to figure out – рассчитывать, высчитывать

to make up – состоять, состaвлять

to come to the conclusion – прийти к заключению

proved false – оказались ошибочными

Questions: 1. What is the world made up of according to Democritus?

2. Did his theory prove right?

3. When and where did Democritus live?

4. What are the nature’s building blocks?

III семестр грамматический материал.

1. Неличные формы глагола.

2. Страдательный залог всех групп.

3. Сослагательное наклонение. Типы условных предложений.

4. Инфинитив в составе сложного дополнения и подлежащего (объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты).

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Конрольная работа № 3.

1. Образуйте три основные формы от следующих глаголов:

to go, to be, to speak, to get, to have, to take, to make, to study, to work, to play, to stay.

2. Переведите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на Participle I и II.

Example: the book given by my friend – книга, данная моим другом-.

giving him the book - давая ему книгу.

Reading the book, the book read by us, going home, the boy going home, the magazine bought yesterday, the girl buying the book, the book taken in the library, taking the books from the, library the work done by him, doing this work.

3. Подчеркните сказуемое и определите временную форму страдательного залога.

1. Many new houses are built in our town every year. 2. We were given much home- work yesterday. 3. Many books will be published next year. 4. A beautiful place was chosen for the picnic. 5. The delegation has been met by the members of our English club. 6. The new book of this writer is being widely discussed. 7. When we entered the room, he was being asked by the teacher. 8. The new houses were built in places of those which had been destroyed during World War II.

4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на глаголы в страдательном залоге.

Active: They sent for the doctor. Они послали за доктором.

Passive: The doctor was sent for. За доктором послали.

1. They speak much about this film. This film is much spoken about. 2. They often laughed at Ann/ Ann is often laughed at. 3. They will look for this book everywhere. This book will be looked for everywhere. 4. They always look at the picture. This picture is always looked at. 5. They will look through these letters tomorrow. These letters will be looked through tomorrow.

5. Переведите предложения. Подчеркните глаголы в сослагательном наклонении в придаточных предложениях:

1. If he were here, he would demonstrate the experiment to us. 2. If he could, he would certainly help you. 3. If it were possible to live on the Moon, people would be able to jump about six times as high as they can on the Earth. 4. If I had had time yesterday, I should have gone to the party. 5. If I had received your message, I should have come at once. 6. If you had told her the truth, she would not have been so angry. 7. If he had your address, he would have written to you.

6. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

Example: He is considered to be a good sportsman. Считают, что он хороший спортсмен.

1. The delegation is said to have arrived. 2. He is sure to come. 3. He is expected to be working at this problem. 4. The delegation is known to arrive soon. 5. He proved to be a good man. 6. The concert is believed to take place next Sunday. 7. She seems to work much. 8. The weather is likely to change.

7. Подчеркните сложное дополнение и переведите предложения.

Example: I want you to come tomorrow.

Я хочу, чтобы вы пришли завтра.

1. I like people to tell the truth. 2. We saw him entering the room. 3. They expect us to come. 4. We believe him to be a good teacher. 5. I have never heard her sing. 6. We know M.Twain to be a famous American writer. 7. Nobody saw her leaving the room. 8. I find this book to be very interesting. 9. He asked the telegram to be sent immediately.

8. Переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы.

William Shakespeare is known to be the greatest England’s poet and dramatist. He was born in Stratford upon – Avon in 1564. The exact day of his birth appears to be unknown. Shakespeare was earning his own living when he was 18.He was not yet 19 when he married Anne Hathaway. They had three children – Susanna, Judith and Hamnet. Judith and Hamnet were twins.

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ot much is known about Shakespeare’s life just after his marriage. He is supposed to have taught at school in the country for a while. Some believe him to have been working with his father, who was a glovemaker. A few years later he appeared in London as an actor and writer of plays. His plays were written in poetry.

In 1592 bubonic plague, a terrible disease, swept over London. All London theatres were closed. During that time Shakespeare wrote some of his plays about early kings of England. Henry V and Richard III are two of these plays. Besides his historical plays Shakespeare wrote both comedies and tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is considered to be the most famous of his tragedies. Other tragedies are Hamlet, Macbeth, and Othello.

At the height of his success Shakespeare returned to Stratford. There he died in 1616. He was buried in Stratford – upon – Avon.

Notes to the text: 1. To earn one’s living – зарабатывать на жизнь

2. twins - близнецы

3. bubonic plague - бубонная чума

4. both … and – и … и, как … так и

Questions:

1. Where and when was Shakespeare born?

1. How many children had he?

2. When did be begin to write poems?

3. What historical plays written by Shakespeare do you know?

4. What did he write besides historical plays.

5. Where was Shakespeare buried?

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