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6.15

Private international bonds to GDP

This variable is the international debt securities issued by financial institutions and corporations as a share of GDP | 2011

Rank	Country/economy	value
1	Ireland	202.81
1	Ireland	202.81
2	Netherlands	163.01
2	Netherlands	163.01
3	United Kingdom	124.43
3	United Kingdom	124.43
4	Spain	109.43
4	Spain	109.43
5	Portugal	84.49
5	Portugal	84.49
6	Belgium	82.33
6	Belgium	82.33
7	Switzerland	73.44
7	Switzerland	73.44
8	Sweden	71.79
8	Sweden	71.79
9	France	71.52
9	France	71.52
10	Germany	68.72
10	Germany	68.72
11	Greece	67.74
11	Greece	67.74
12	Austria	56.95
12	Austria	56.95
13	Italy	50.32
13	Italy	50.32
14	United States	48.68
14	United States	48.68
15	Norway	46.83
15	Norway	46.83
16	Denmark	41.19
16	Denmark	41.19
17	Australia	40.50
17	Australia	40.50
18	Hong Kong SAR	34.97
18	Hong Kong SAR	34.97
19	Canada	32.16
19	Canada	32.16
20	..............................Finland	29.65
21	.........................Singapore	23.79
22	........United Arab Emirates	23.09
23	.......................Kazakhstan	22.27
24	.............................Bahrain	20.02
25	............................Malaysia	13.62
26	.......................Korea, Rep	13.22
27	........................South Africa	9.23
28	..............................Hungary	8.78
29	.............Russian Federation	7.13
30	.................................Japan	7.09
31	...........................Venezuela	6.60
32	...................................Israel	6.56
33	..........................Philippines	6.45
34	...................Czech Republic	6.02
35	................................Mexico	5.90
36	...................................Chile	5.81
37	...................................Brazil	5.63
38	...............................Ukraine	5.04
39	..............................Panama	4.35
40	....................................Peru	3.78
41	India	3.23
41	India	3.23
42	Thailand	2.92
42	Thailand	2.92
43	.......................Saudi Arabia	2.44
44	............................Colombia	2.38
45	............................Indonesia	2.22
46	................................Kuwait	2.01
47	.................................Turkey	1.70
48	............................Argentina	1.46
49	China	1.35
49	China	1.35
50	Poland	1.18
50	Poland	1.18
51	Egypt	1.05
51	Egypt	1.05
52	Jordan	0.52
52	Jordan	0.52
53	Nigeria	0.46
53	Nigeria	0.46
54	Slovak Republic	0.45
54	Slovak Republic	0.45
55	Vietnam	0.22
55	Vietnam	0.22
56	Bangladesh 1	0.00


56	.................................Ghana	0.00
56	Kenya	0.00
56	Kenya	0.00
56	Morocco	0.00
56	Morocco	0.00
56	Pakistan	0.00
56	Pakistan	0.00
56	Romania	0.00
56	Romania	0.00
56	Tanzania 1	0.00

SOURCE: Bank for International Settlements, BIS Quarterly Review, June 2012;

GDP data from IMF, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2012; inflation data from IMF, International Financial Statistics (data retrieved August 2012)

1 2010

3: Data Tables | Financial markets

6.16

Public international bonds to GDP

This variable is the international debt securities issued by the government as a share of GDP | 2011

Rank	Country/economy	value
1	Greece	70.84


2	Panama	30.01
2	Panama	30.01
3	Belgium	29.80
3	Belgium	29.80
4	Ireland	26.69
4	Ireland	26.69
5	Finland	26.68
5	Finland	26.68
6	Portugal	26.42
6	Portugal	26.42
7	Austria	25.07
7	Austria	25.07
8	Hungary	17.68
8	Hungary	17.68
9	Slovak Republic	13.27
9	Slovak Republic	13.27
10	Bahrain	13.23
10	Bahrain	13.23
11	Philippines	12.89
11	Philippines	12.89
12	Spain	11.68
12	Spain	11.68
13	Poland	11.58
13	Poland	11.58
14	Italy	11.40
14	Italy	11.40
15	Argentina	10.64
15	Argentina	10.64
16	Venezuela	10.60
16	Venezuela	10.60
17	Germany	8.57
17	Germany	8.57
18	Peru	7.67
18	Peru	7.67
19	Canada	7.01
19	Canada	7.01
20	..............................Sweden	6.82
21	...............................Ukraine	6.40
22	.............................Denmark	6.20
23	.................................Turkey	5.84
24	............................Colombia	5.77
25	...................Czech Republic	5.51
26	..................United Kingdom	4.65
27	...................................Israel	4.44
28	................................Mexico	3.95
29	........................Netherlands	3.36
30	................................Jordan	3.04
31	..........United Arab Emirates	2.89
32	........................South Africa	2.60
33	.............................Romania	2.57
34	............................Indonesia	2.34
35	................................France	2.30
36	..............................Vietnam	2.22
37	...................................Brazil	2.09
38	.................................Ghana	2.07
39	.............................Morocco	1.99
40	..................................Egypt	1.84
41	Russian Federation	1.71
41	Russian Federation	1.71
42	Chile	1.59
42	Chile	1.59
43	..............................Malaysia	1.27
44	..............................Australia	0.80
45	..............................Pakistan	0.74
46	.........................Korea, Rep	0.64
47	.................Hong Kong SAR	0.59
48	..............................Thailand	0.34
49	Switzerland	0.13
49	Switzerland	0.13
50	Nigeria	0.10
50	Nigeria	0.10
51	China	0.09
51	China	0.09
52	United States	0.08
52	United States	0.08
53	Japan	0.05
53	Japan	0.05
54	Bangladesh 1	0.00


54	....................................India	0.00
54	Kazakhstan	0.00
54	Kazakhstan	0.00
54	Kenya	0.00
54	Kenya	0.00
54	Kuwait	0.00
54	Kuwait	0.00
54	Norway	0.00
54	Norway	0.00
54	Saudi Arabia	0.00
54	Saudi Arabia	0.00
54	Singapore	0.00
54	Singapore	0.00
54	Tanzania 1	0.00

SOURCE: Bank for International Settlements, BIS Quarterly Review, June 2012;

GDP data from IMF, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2012; inflation data from IMF, International Financial Statistics (data retrieved August 2012)

1 2010

The Financial Development Report 2012 | 375

3: Data Tables | Financial markets

6.17

Local currency corporate bond issuance to GDP

This is investment-grade and high-yield issuance corporate bonds as a share of GDP | 2011

Rank	Country/economy	value
1	Malaysia	4.89


2	Korea, Rep	3.53
2	Korea, Rep	3.53
3	China	2.27
3	China	2.27
4	United States	2.01
4	United States	2.01
5	Philippines 1	1.94
5	Philippines 1	1.94
6	..............................Thailand	1.70
7	................................France	1.40
8	Pakistan 1	1.38


9	..............................Sweden	1.26
10	Switzerland	1.22
10	Switzerland	1.22
11	Canada	1.20
11	Canada	1.20
12	Singapore	1.13
12	Singapore	1.13
13	Japan	1.10
13	Japan	1.10
14	Belgium	0.98
14	Belgium	0.98
15	Chile	0.95
15	Chile	0.95
16	Austria	0.91
16	Austria	0.91
17	Portugal	0.90
17	Portugal	0.90
18	Spain	0.77
18	Spain	0.77
19	Kazakhstan 1	0.71


20	..................United Kingdom	0.70
21	Hong Kong SAR	0.68
21	Hong Kong SAR	0.68
22	....................................India	0.59
23	................................Mexico	0.55
24	.....................................Italy	0.55
25	.............................Germany	0.54
26	........................Netherlands	0.54
27	............................Vietnam 1	0.50
27	............................Vietnam 1	0.50
28	................................Egypt 2	0.47
28	................................Egypt 2	0.47
29	................................Finland	0.44
30	............................Colombia	0.40
31	...................................Brazil	0.37
32	................................Greece	0.37
33	..............................Australia	0.32
34	.............Russian Federation	0.28
35	...............................Norway	0.26
36	.......................Saudi Arabia	0.22
37	...........................Morocco 1	0.21
37	...........................Morocco 1	0.21
38	..........................Indonesia 1	0.11
38	..........................Indonesia 1	0.11
39	..............................Poland 2	0.07
39	..............................Poland 2	0.07
40	........................South Africa	0.06
41	Czech Republic	0.03
41	Czech Republic	0.03
42	Nigeria	0.03
42	Nigeria	0.03
43	Argentina	0.03
43	Argentina	0.03
44	Ukraine 1	0.00


45	.................................Ireland	0.00
n/a	Bahrain.................................	n/a
n/a	Bangladesh...........................	n/a
n/a	Denmark...............................	n/a
n/a	Ghana...................................	n/a
n/a	Hungary................................	n/a
n/a	Israel.....................................	n/a
n/a	Jordan..................................	n/a
n/a	Kenya...................................	n/a
n/a	Kuwait..................................	n/a
n/a	Panama................................	n/a
n/a	Peru......................................	n/a
n/a	Romania...............................	n/a
n/a	Slovak Republic....................	n/a
n/a	Tanzania................................	n/a
n/a	Turkey...................................	n/a
n/a	United Arab Emirates............	n/a
n/a	Venezuela.............................	n/a

SOURCE: Dealogic Analytics (data retrieved July 2012); GDP data from IMF, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2012

1 2009 2 2010

376 | The Financial Development Report 2012

Data Tables

Section VII Financial access

The Financial Development Report 2012 | 377

3: Data Tables \| Financial access
7.01	7.02

Financial market sophistication	Venture capital availability

How would you assess the level of sophistication of financial markets		In your country, how easy is it for entrepreneurs with innovative but
in your country? (1 = Poor by international standards; 7 = excellent by		risky projects to find venture capital? (1 = very difficult; 7 = very easy) \|
international standards) \| 2011–2012 weighted average		2011–2012 weighted average

Rank	Country/economy	value 1	MEAN 4.99 7	Rank	Country/economy	value 1	MEAN 3.02	7
1	United Kingdom	6.77		1	Hong Kong SAR	4.46


2	Switzerland	6.71		2	Israel	4.45
2	Switzerland	6.71		2	Israel	4.45
3	South Africa	6.53		3	Singapore	4.39
3	South Africa	6.53		3	Singapore	4.39
4	Canada	6.45		4	Sweden	4.38
4	Canada	6.45		4	Sweden	4.38
5	Hong Kong SAR	6.38		5	Norway	4.33
5	Hong Kong SAR	6.38		5	Norway	4.33
6	Singapore	6.35		6	Bahrain	4.27
6	Singapore	6.35		6	Bahrain	4.27
7	Netherlands	6.24		7	United Arab Emirates	4.14
7	Netherlands	6.24		7	United Arab Emirates	4.14
8	Brazil	6.17		8	United States	4.10
8	Brazil	6.17		8	United States	4.10
9	Australia	6.17		9	Malaysia	4.03
9	Australia	6.17		9	Malaysia	4.03
10	Panama	6.03		10	Finland	3.91
10	Panama	6.03		10	Finland	3.91
11	France	5.99		11	Netherlands	3.78
11	France	5.99		11	Netherlands	3.78
12	Finland	5.98		12	United Kingdom	3.77
12	Finland	5.98		12	United Kingdom	3.77
13	United States	5.96		13	Panama	3.69
13	United States	5.96		13	Panama	3.69
14	Sweden	5.96		14	Saudi Arabia	3.69
14	Sweden	5.96		14	Saudi Arabia	3.69
15	Norway	5.90		15	Switzerland	3.63
15	Norway	5.90		15	Switzerland	3.63
16	Bahrain	5.86		16	Canada	3.63
16	Bahrain	5.86		16	Canada	3.63
17	Belgium	5.79		17	Indonesia	3.56
17	Belgium	5.79		17	Indonesia	3.56
18	Chile	5.77		18	China	3.53
18	Chile	5.77		18	China	3.53
19	Germany	5.68		19	Belgium	3.53
19	Germany	5.68		19	Belgium	3.53
20	.............................Denmark	5.60		20	....................................India	3.40
21	..................................Spain	5.59		21	..............................Australia	3.34
22	..............................Malaysia	5.49		22	...................................Chile	3.21
23	...................................Israel	5.49		23	.................................Kenya	3.18
24	..............................Portugal	5.48		24	.............................Germany	3.16
25	.......................Saudi Arabia	5.46		25	........................South Africa	3.05
26	..........United Arab Emirates	5.40		26	.............................Morocco	3.02
27	................................Austria	5.38		27	................................Austria	3.01
28	.................................Turkey	5.21		28	..................................Egypt	3.00
29	.................................Japan	5.11		29	................................Kuwait	2.97
30	..............................Thailand	5.03		30	.................................Japan	2.96
31	.................................Ireland	5.02		31	....................................Peru	2.93
32	....................................India	4.95		32	................................Jordan	2.91
33	................................Mexico	4.91		33	..............................Thailand	2.90
34	...................Czech Republic	4.77		34	...................................Brazil	2.82
35	..............................Hungary	4.76		35	............................Colombia	2.82
36	..........................Philippines	4.74		36	..............................Pakistan	2.80
37	.............................Morocco	4.71		37	................................France	2.77
38	..................Slovak Republic	4.69		38	..................Slovak Republic	2.76
39	................................Poland	4.67		39	..........................Philippines	2.72
40	....................................Peru	4.66		40	................................Mexico	2.62
41	Colombia	4.55		41	Denmark	2.61
41	Colombia	4.55		41	Denmark	2.61
42	Jordan	4.52		42	Nigeria	2.53
42	Jordan	4.52		42	Nigeria	2.53
43	.....................................Italy	4.51		43	.................................Turkey	2.51
44	.........................Korea, Rep	4.39		44	..................................Spain	2.50
45	............................Indonesia	4.38		45	.............................Romania	2.50
46	.................................Ghana	4.32		46	..............................Tanzania	2.44
47	.................................Kenya	4.30		47	...................Czech Republic	2.41
48	................................Nigeria	4.13		48	.............Russian Federation	2.40
49	China	4.09		49	Ireland	2.38
49	China	4.09		49	Ireland	2.38
50	Egypt	4.02		50	Poland	2.36
50	Egypt	4.02		50	Poland	2.36
51	Pakistan	3.92		51	Vietnam	2.29
51	Pakistan	3.92		51	Vietnam	2.29
52	Kazakhstan	3.88		52	Portugal	2.28
52	Kazakhstan	3.88		52	Portugal	2.28
53	Romania	3.86		53	Kazakhstan	2.23
53	Romania	3.86		53	Kazakhstan	2.23
54	Kuwait	3.82		54	Ukraine	2.20
54	Kuwait	3.82		54	Ukraine	2.20
55	Greece	3.81		55	Venezuela	2.19
55	Greece	3.81		55	Venezuela	2.19
56	Ukraine	3.63		56	Korea, Rep	2.19
56	Ukraine	3.63		56	Korea, Rep	2.19
57	Russian Federation	3.56		57	Hungary	2.10
57	Russian Federation	3.56		57	Hungary	2.10
58	Venezuela	3.42		58	Ghana	2.09
58	Venezuela	3.42		58	Ghana	2.09
59	Tanzania	3.25		59	Italy	2.03
59	Tanzania	3.25		59	Italy	2.03
60	Bangladesh	3.19		60	Bangladesh	2.01
60	Bangladesh	3.19		60	Bangladesh	2.01
61	Vietnam	3.15		61	Greece	1.83
61	Vietnam	3.15		61	Greece	1.83
62	Argentina	3.09		62	Argentina	1.82
62	Argentina	3.09		62	Argentina	1.82

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey, 2011–2012				SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey, 2011–2012

378 | The Financial Development Report 2012

7.03

Ease of access to credit

During the past year, has it become easier or more difficult to obtain credit for companies in your country? (1 = much more difficult; 7 = much easier) | 2011–2012 weighted average

Rank	Country/economy	value 1	MEAN 3.71	7
1	Hong Kong SAR	5.01


2	Singapore	4.86
2	Singapore	4.86
3	Panama	4.78
3	Panama	4.78
4	Finland	4.77
4	Finland	4.77
5	Malaysia	4.73
5	Malaysia	4.73
6	Bahrain	4.70
6	Bahrain	4.70
7	United Arab Emirates	4.70
7	United Arab Emirates	4.70
8	Norway	4.67
8	Norway	4.67
9	Sweden	4.58
9	Sweden	4.58
10	Chile	4.55
10	Chile	4.55
11	Peru	4.49
11	Peru	4.49
12	Brazil	4.45
12	Brazil	4.45
13	Indonesia	4.41
13	Indonesia	4.41
14	Kenya	4.37
14	Kenya	4.37
15	Turkey	4.25
15	Turkey	4.25
16	India	4.22
16	India	4.22
17	Saudi Arabia	4.21
17	Saudi Arabia	4.21
18	Canada	4.19
18	Canada	4.19
19	Thailand	4.19
19	Thailand	4.19
20	.................................Japan	4.18
21	........................South Africa	4.17
22	.............................Germany	4.14
23	......................United States	4.11
24	.........................Switzerland	4.11
25	..........................Philippines	4.10
26	..................................China	4.01
27	................................Austria	3.99
28	...................................Israel	3.91
29	............................Colombia	3.81
30	.............................Morocco	3.78
31	..............................Australia	3.75
32	..................Slovak Republic	3.75
33	..............................Belgium	3.74
34	................................Mexico	3.68
35	................................Jordan	3.61
36	..................United Kingdom	3.60
37	..................................Egypt	3.59
38	........................Netherlands	3.55
39	................................Poland	3.46
40	.........................Bangladesh	3.46
41	Kuwait	3.39
41	Kuwait	3.39
42	Denmark	3.34
42	Denmark	3.34
43	..............................Pakistan	3.33
44	...........................Venezuela	3.32
45	...................Czech Republic	3.29
46	..............................Tanzania	3.27
47	..............................Vietnam	3.25
48	.................................Ghana	3.17
49	Korea, Rep	3.17
49	Korea, Rep	3.17
50	Russian Federation	3.16
50	Russian Federation	3.16
51	Romania	3.08
51	Romania	3.08
52	Nigeria	3.06
52	Nigeria	3.06
53	Italy	2.94
53	Italy	2.94
54	France	2.93
54	France	2.93
55	Kazakhstan	2.76
55	Kazakhstan	2.76
56	Argentina	2.76
56	Argentina	2.76
57	Hungary	2.61
57	Hungary	2.61
58	Portugal	2.37
58	Portugal	2.37
59	Ukraine	2.36
59	Ukraine	2.36
60	Ireland	2.28
60	Ireland	2.28
61	Spain	1.97
61	Spain	1.97
62	Greece	1.72
62	Greece	1.72

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey, 2011–2012

3: Data Tables | Financial access

7.04

Financing through local equity market

How easy is it to raise money by issuing shares on the stock market in your country? (1 = very difficult; 7 = very easy) | 2011–2012 weighted average

Rank	Country/economy	value 1	MEAN 3.97	7
1	Hong Kong SAR	5.72


2	South Africa	5.44
2	South Africa	5.44
3	Singapore	5.08
3	Singapore	5.08
4	Norway	5.02
4	Norway	5.02
5	United Kingdom	4.96
5	United Kingdom	4.96
6	Malaysia	4.90
6	Malaysia	4.90
7	Canada	4.86
7	Canada	4.86
8	Sweden	4.84
8	Sweden	4.84
9	France	4.72
9	France	4.72
10	Australia	4.72
10	Australia	4.72
11	Saudi Arabia	4.70
11	Saudi Arabia	4.70
12	Switzerland	4.67
12	Switzerland	4.67
13	Chile	4.64
13	Chile	4.64
14	Japan	4.64
14	Japan	4.64
15	United States	4.61
15	United States	4.61
16	India	4.60
16	India	4.60
17	Finland	4.55
17	Finland	4.55
18	Bahrain	4.51
18	Bahrain	4.51
19	Netherlands	4.45
19	Netherlands	4.45
20	.................................Kenya	4.45
21	..............................Thailand	4.43
22	..........United Arab Emirates	4.43
23	............................Indonesia	4.36
24	.............................Morocco	4.35
25	.................................Turkey	4.34
26	.............................Germany	4.32
27	..............................Panama	4.29
28	...................................Israel	4.24
29	..........................Philippines	4.18
30	..................................Egypt	4.15
31	..............................Belgium	4.07
32	...................................Brazil	4.06
33	.................................Ghana	4.03
34	.........................Bangladesh	4.02
35	................................Jordan	3.90
36	..................................China	3.89
37	................................Nigeria	3.78
38	............................Colombia	3.78
39	................................Austria	3.77
40	..............................Pakistan	3.77
41	Denmark	3.75
41	Denmark	3.75
42	Kuwait	3.74
42	Kuwait	3.74
43	................................Poland	3.73
44	................................Mexico	3.58
45	....................................Peru	3.57
46	.........................Korea, Rep	3.46
47	..............................Vietnam	3.42
48	.....................................Italy	3.41
49	Tanzania	3.36
49	Tanzania	3.36
50	Czech Republic	3.28
50	Czech Republic	3.28
51	Romania	3.26
51	Romania	3.26
52	Ireland	3.06
52	Ireland	3.06
53	Spain	3.04
53	Spain	3.04
54	Portugal	3.04
54	Portugal	3.04
55	Russian Federation	3.01
55	Russian Federation	3.01
56	Kazakhstan	2.80
56	Kazakhstan	2.80
57	Hungary	2.69
57	Hungary	2.69
58	Slovak Republic	2.62
58	Slovak Republic	2.62
59	Greece	2.48
59	Greece	2.48
60	Argentina	2.47
60	Argentina	2.47
61	Ukraine	2.29
61	Ukraine	2.29
62	Venezuela	1.80
62	Venezuela	1.80

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey, 2011–2012

The Financial Development Report 2012 | 379

3: Data Tables \| Financial access
7.05	7.06

Ease of access to loans	Foreign direct investment to GDP

How easy is it to obtain a bank loan in your country with only a good		This variable is comprised of equity capital, reinvested earnings, and intra-
business plan and no collateral? (1 = very difficult; 7 = very easy) \|		company loans \| 2011
2011–2012 weighted average
2011–2012 weighted average

Rank	Country/economy		value 1	MEAN 3.15	7	Rank	Country/economy	value
1	Bahrain		4.80			1	Hong Kong SAR	34.18


2	Singapore		4.68			2	Singapore	24.63
2	Singapore		4.68			2	Singapore	24.63
3	Sweden		4.56			3	Belgium	17.36
3	Sweden		4.56			3	Belgium	17.36
4	United Arab Emirates		4.49			4	Panama	9.13
4	United Arab Emirates		4.49			4	Panama	9.13
5	Norway		4.45			5	Ghana	8.67
5	Norway		4.45			5	Ghana	8.67
6	Hong Kong SAR		4.44			6	Kazakhstan	7.24
6	Hong Kong SAR		4.44			6	Kazakhstan	7.24
7	Malaysia		4.41			7	Chile	6.96
7	Malaysia		4.41			7	Chile	6.96
8	Finland		4.41			8	Vietnam	6.05
8	Finland		4.41			8	Vietnam	6.05
9	Panama		4.14			9	Ireland	6.02
9	Panama		4.14			9	Ireland	6.02
10	Saudi Arabia		4.07			10	Jordan	5.03
10	Saudi Arabia		4.07			10	Jordan	5.03
11	Indonesia		3.91			11	Peru	4.74
11	Indonesia		3.91			11	Peru	4.74
12	Canada		3.78			12	Tanzania	4.69
12	Canada		3.78			12	Tanzania	4.69
13	Belgium		3.78			13	Israel	4.68
13	Belgium		3.78			13	Israel	4.68
14	United States		3.76			14	Denmark	4.43
14	United States		3.76			14	Denmark	4.43
15	Chile		3.74			15	Ukraine	4.37
15	Chile		3.74			15	Ukraine	4.37
16	Netherlands		3.74			16	Portugal	4.33
16	Netherlands		3.74			16	Portugal	4.33
17	Australia		3.68			17	Malaysia	4.29
17	Australia		3.68			17	Malaysia	4.29
18	Switzerland		3.67			18	Colombia	4.03
18	Switzerland		3.67			18	Colombia	4.03
19	Kenya		3.65			19	Nigeria	3.73
19	Kenya		3.65			19	Nigeria	3.73
20	....................................Peru		3.64			20	................................Austria	3.37
21	..............................Thailand		3.55			21	..............................Hungary	3.35
22	........................South Africa		3.50			22	...............................Bahrain	2.99
23	...................................Israel		3.41			23	................................Poland	2.95
24	....................................India		3.33			24	.............Russian Federation	2.86
25	................................Austria		3.21			25	.......................Saudi Arabia	2.84
26	.............................Germany		3.17			26	..............................Australia	2.78
27	................................Jordan		3.16			27	..............................Thailand	2.77
28	..........................Philippines		3.15			28	...................................Brazil	2.67
29	..................United Kingdom		3.14			29	.............................Morocco	2.54
30	..................................China		3.13			30	...................Czech Republic	2.51
31	...................................Brazil		3.11			31	...............................Canada	2.36
32	................................Kuwait		3.10			32	..............................Sweden	2.25
33	............................Colombia		3.09			33	............................Indonesia	2.24
34	.............................Denmark		3.09			34	..................United Kingdom	2.23
35	.................................Japan		3.05			35	..................Slovak Republic	2.23
36	..................Slovak Republic		2.98			36	..........United Arab Emirates	2.13
37	.............................Morocco		2.98			37	.................................Turkey	2.04
38	................................France		2.97			38	........................Netherlands	2.04
39	.................................Turkey		2.97			39	..................................Spain	1.97
40	..............................Pakistan		2.88			40	....................................India	1.88
41	Czech Republic		2.88			41	China	1.70
41	Czech Republic		2.88			41	China	1.70
42	Romania		2.70			42	Mexico	1.69
42	Romania	............................	2.70			42	Mexico	1.69
43	................................Mexico		2.63			43	...........................Venezuela	1.68
44	..................................Egypt		2.63			44	............................Argentina	1.62
45	.............Russian Federation		2.61			45	......................United States	1.50
46	................................Poland		2.55			46	................................France	1.47
47	...........................Venezuela		2.51			47	........................South Africa	1.42
48	.........................Bangladesh		2.40			48	.............................Romania	1.41
49	Tanzania		2.40			49	Italy	1.32
49	Tanzania		2.40			49	Italy	1.32
50	Vietnam		2.36			50	Germany	1.13
50	Vietnam		2.36			50	Germany	1.13
51	Ukraine		2.31			51	Bangladesh	1.01
51	Ukraine		2.31			51	Bangladesh	1.01
52	Portugal		2.30			52	Kenya	0.96
52	Portugal		2.30			52	Kenya	0.96
53	Kazakhstan		2.28			53	Norway	0.74
53	Kazakhstan		2.28			53	Norway	0.74
54	Hungary		2.25			54	Pakistan	0.63
54	Hungary		2.25			54	Pakistan	0.63
55	Korea, Rep		2.23			55	Greece	0.60
55	Korea, Rep		2.23			55	Greece	0.60
56	Nigeria		2.14			56	Philippines	0.59
56	Nigeria		2.14			56	Philippines	0.59
57	Spain		2.05			57	Korea, Rep	0.42
57	Spain		2.05			57	Korea, Rep	0.42
58	Ghana		2.03			58	Kuwait	0.23
58	Ghana		2.03			58	Kuwait	0.23
59	Italy		1.98			59	Finland	0.02
59	Italy		1.98			59	Finland	0.02
60	Ireland		1.83			60	Japan	-0.03
60	Ireland		1.83			60	Japan	-0.03
61	Greece		1.71			61	Switzerland	-0.03
61	Greece		1.71			61	Switzerland	-0.03
62	Argentina		1.69			62	Egypt	-0.20
62	Argentina		1.69			62	Egypt	-0.20

SOURCE: World.		Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey, 2011–2012				SOURCE: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, “Inward and
						Outward Foreign Direct Investment Flows, Annual, 1970–2011”; GDP data from IMF,
						World Economic Outlook Database, April 2012

380 | The Financial Development Report 2012

7.07

Market penetration of bank accounts

This is the percent of the population (15 years or older) with an account at a formal financial institution | 2011

Rank	Country/economy	value
1	Denmark	99.74


2	Finland	99.65
2	Finland	99.65
3	Australia	99.06
3	Australia	99.06
4	Sweden	98.99
4	Sweden	98.99
5	Netherlands	98.66
5	Netherlands	98.66
6	Singapore	98.22
6	Singapore	98.22
7	Germany	98.13
7	Germany	98.13
8	United Kingdom	97.20
8	United Kingdom	97.20
9	Austria	97.08
9	Austria	97.08
10	France	96.98
10	France	96.98
11	Japan	96.42
11	Japan	96.42
12	Belgium	96.31
12	Belgium	96.31
13	Canada	95.80
13	Canada	95.80
14	Ireland	93.89
14	Ireland	93.89
15	Spain	93.28
15	Spain	93.28
16	Korea, Rep	93.05
16	Korea, Rep	93.05
17	Israel	90.47
17	Israel	90.47
18	Hong Kong SAR	88.69
18	Hong Kong SAR	88.69
19	United States	87.96
19	United States	87.96
20	..............................Kuwait	86.77
21	............................Portugal	81.23
22	.................Czech Republic	80.65
23	................Slovak Republic	79.58
24	..............................Greece	77.94
25	............................Hungary	72.67
26	............................Thailand	72.67
27	...................................Italy	71.01
28	..............................Poland	70.19
29	............................Malaysia	66.17
30	.............................Bahrain	64.51
31	................................China	63.82
32	........United Arab Emirates	59.73
33	...............................Turkey	57.60
34	.................................Brazil	55.86
35	......................South Africa	53.65
36	...........Russian Federation	48.18
37	.....................Saudi Arabia	46.42
38	...........................Romania	44.59
39	.........................Venezuela	44.12
40	...............................Kenya	42.34
41	Chile	42.18
41	Chile	42.18
42	Kazakhstan	42.11
42	Kazakhstan	42.11
43	.............................Ukraine	41.27
44	.......................Bangladesh	39.55
45	...........................Morocco	39.07
46	..................................India	35.23
47	..........................Argentina	33.13
48	..........................Colombia	30.43
49	Nigeria	29.67
49	Nigeria	29.67
50	Ghana	29.43
50	Ghana	29.43
51	Mexico	27.43
51	Mexico	27.43
52	Philippines	26.56
52	Philippines	26.56
53	Jordan	25.47
53	Jordan	25.47
54	Panama	24.93
54	Panama	24.93
55	Vietnam	21.37
55	Vietnam	21.37
56	Peru	20.46
56	Peru	20.46
57	Indonesia	19.58
57	Indonesia	19.58
58	Tanzania	17.26
58	Tanzania	17.26
59	Pakistan	10.31
59	Pakistan	10.31
60	Egypt	9.72
60	Egypt	9.72
n/a	Norway.................................	n/a
n/a	Switzerland...........................	n/a

SOURCE: Demirguc-Kunt, A. and L. Klapper. 2012. “Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex Database.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6025. Washington DC: The World Bank

3: Data Tables | Financial access

7.08

Commercial bank branches

This is the number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults | 2010

Rank	Country/economy	value
1	Portugal	75.91


2	Italy	66.86
2	Italy	66.86
3	Peru	49.51
3	Peru	49.51
4	Belgium 1	47.96
4	Belgium 1	47.96
5	..............................Poland	45.83
6	..............................France	43.11
7	Greece	41.18
7	Greece	41.18
8	Denmark	41.13
8	Denmark	41.13
9	Spain	39.31
9	Spain	39.31
10	United States	35.74
10	United States	35.74
11	Japan	33.97
11	Japan	33.97
12	Romania	33.16
12	Romania	33.16
13	Australia	31.61
13	Australia	31.61
14	Ireland	28.63
14	Ireland	28.63
15	Slovak Republic	26.50
15	Slovak Republic	26.50
16	United Kingdom 1	25.51


17	.............................Canada	24.25
18	Hong Kong SAR	23.61
18	Hong Kong SAR	23.61
19	Netherlands	23.21
19	Netherlands	23.21
20	Czech Republic	22.53
20	Czech Republic	22.53
21	United Arab Emirates 1	21.73


22	...........................Morocco	20.98
23	.................................Israel	19.99
24	.......................Korea, Rep	18.63
25	............................Jordan 1	18.08
25	............................Jordan 1	18.08
26	.................................Chile	17.59
27	...........................Germany	17.58
28	.............................Turkey 1	17.38
28	.............................Turkey 1	17.38
29	............................Hungary	16.62
30	..............................Finland	15.60
31	..............................Mexico	15.22
32	.................................Brazil	13.76
33	..........................Argentina	13.28
34	..............................Austria	11.39
35	............................Thailand	11.16
36	..................................India	10.91
37	............................Malaysia	10.48
38	.........................Singapore	10.28
39	......................South Africa	10.10
40	.....................Saudi Arabia 1	8.97
40	.....................Saudi Arabia 1	8.97
41	..............................Pakistan	8.76
42	Indonesia	8.32
42	Indonesia	8.32
43	Philippines	7.69
43	Philippines	7.69
44	Norway	7.64
44	Norway	7.64
45	Bangladesh	6.89
45	Bangladesh	6.89
46	.............Russian Federation	5.65
47	..............................Ghana 1	4.99
47	..............................Ghana 1	4.99
48	...............................Kenya 1	4.41
48	...............................Kenya 1	4.41
49	.........................Kazakhstan	3.33
50	Vietnam	3.33
50	Vietnam	3.33
51	Ukraine	2.31
51	Ukraine	2.31
52	Tanzania 1	1.81


n/a	Bahrain.................................	n/a
n/a	China....................................	n/a
n/a	Colombia..............................	n/a
n/a	Egypt....................................	n/a
n/a	Kuwait..................................	n/a
n/a	Nigeria..................................	n/a
n/a	Panama................................	n/a
n/a	Sweden................................	n/a
n/a	Switzerland...........................	n/a
n/a	Venezuela.............................	n/a

SOURCE: IMF, Financial Access Survey, 2011

1 2009

The Financial Development Report 2012 | 381

3: Data Tables \| Financial access
7.09	7.10

Total number of ATMs	Debit card penetration

This is the total number of ATMs per 100,000 adults \| 2010		This is the percent of respondents with a debit card \| 2011

Rank	Country/economy	value		Rank	Country/economy	value
1	Korea, Rep. 1..................250.29			1	Netherlands	97.61


2	Canada	220.02	2		Sweden	95.50
2	Canada	220.02	2		Sweden	95.50
3	Portugal	197.05	3		Denmark	90.13
3	Portugal	197.05	3		Denmark	90.13
4	United States 1	173.75	4		Finland	89.32
4	United States 1	173.75	4		Finland	89.32
5	..........................Australia	162.38	5		...........................Germany	88.02
6	..............................Spain	151.87	6		.............................Canada	87.96
7	Japan 1	132.96	7		United Kingdom	87.58


8	.........Russian Federation	128.39	8		..............................Austria	86.77
9	Brazil	120.62	9		Belgium	85.76
9	Brazil	120.62	9		Belgium	85.76
10	Germany 1	116.80	10		Kuwait	83.88
10	Germany 1	116.80	10		Kuwait	83.88
11	...............................Israel	110.54	11		............................Australia	79.05
12	France	110.07	12		Hong Kong SAR	75.77
12	France	110.07	12		Hong Kong SAR	75.77
13	Italy	98.56	13		United States	71.77
13	Italy	98.56	13		United States	71.77
14	Switzerland	97.47	14		Ireland	70.47
14	Switzerland	97.47	14		Ireland	70.47
15	United Arab Emirates 1	96.81	15		France	69.25


16	...............................Ireland	92.47	16		................Slovak Republic	68.27
17	Finland 1	91.72	17		Portugal	68.16


18	..........................Belgium 1	86.37	18		............................Hungary	62.40
18	..........................Belgium 1	86.37	18		............................Hungary	62.40
19	............................Thailand	77.69	19		.............................Bahrain	62.20
20	..............................Greece	76.72	20		................................Spain	62.18
21	.............................Ukraine	76.13	21		.................Czech Republic	61.02
22	..............United Kingdom 1	64.58	22		.......................Korea, Rep	57.91
22	..............United Kingdom 1	64.58	22		.......................Korea, Rep	57.91
23	...........................Denmark	63.55	23		...............................Turkey	56.64
24	.......................Kazakhstan	62.75	24		........United Arab Emirates	55.41
25	.................................Chile	62.51	25		......................South Africa	45.33
26	......................South Africa	59.58	26		............................Thailand	43.10
27	.........................Singapore	58.57	27		.....................Saudi Arabia	42.31
28	......................Netherlands	58.27	28		.................................Brazil	41.18
29	...................Saudi Arabia 1	57.97	29		................................China	41.02
29	...................Saudi Arabia 1	57.97	29		................................China	41.02
30	............................Hungary	56.73	30		..............................Poland	37.34
31	............................Malaysia	56.18	31		...........Russian Federation	36.96
32	.............................Norway	56.07	32		...................................Italy	35.18
33	...........................Romania	55.48	33		.........................Venezuela	35.08
34	..............................Poland	52.10	34		..............................Greece	33.95
35	..............Slovak Republic 1	50.38	35		.............................Ukraine	33.57
35	..............Slovak Republic 1	50.38	35		.............................Ukraine	33.57
36	............................Austria 1	48.16	36		.......................Kazakhstan	31.32
36	............................Austria 1	48.16	36		.......................Kazakhstan	31.32
37	..............................Mexico	47.29	37		...............................Kenya	29.94
38	.............................Turkey 1	43.74	38		..........................Argentina	29.85
38	.............................Turkey 1	43.74	38		..........................Argentina	29.85
39	..........................Argentina	42.45	39		.........................Singapore	28.63
40	.................Czech Republic	41.65	40		...........................Romania	27.71
41	Peru	25.21	41		Chile	25.77
41	Peru	25.21	41		Chile	25.77
42	Vietnam	17.64	42		Malaysia	23.13
42	Vietnam	17.64	42		Malaysia	23.13
43	........................Philippines	14.88	43		..........................Colombia	22.69
44	..........................Indonesia	13.37	44		...........................Morocco	22.39
45	...............................Kenya 1	7.27	45		..............................Mexico	22.28
45	...............................Kenya 1	7.27	45		..............................Mexico	22.28
46	..............................Pakistan	4.40	46		..............................Nigeria	18.56
47	...........................Tanzania 1	3.30	47		..............................Jordan	14.72
47	...........................Tanzania 1	3.30	47		..............................Jordan	14.72
48	.........................Bangladesh	1.93	48		............................Vietnam	14.59
n/a	Bahrain	n/a	49		Peru	14.13
n/a	Bahrain	n/a	49		Peru	14.13
n/a	China	n/a	50		Philippines	13.16
n/a	China	n/a	50		Philippines	13.16
n/a	Colombia	n/a	51		Japan	12.96
n/a	Colombia	n/a	51		Japan	12.96
n/a	Egypt	n/a	52		Tanzania	12.04
n/a	Egypt	n/a	52		Tanzania	12.04
n/a	Ghana	n/a	53		Ghana	11.40
n/a	Ghana	n/a	53		Ghana	11.40
n/a	Hong Kong SAR	n/a	54		Panama	11.28
n/a	Hong Kong SAR	n/a	54		Panama	11.28
n/a	India	n/a	55		Indonesia	10.54
n/a	India	n/a	55		Indonesia	10.54
n/a	Jordan	n/a	56		India	8.40
n/a	Jordan	n/a	56		India	8.40
n/a	Kuwait	n/a	57		Israel	7.46
n/a	Kuwait	n/a	57		Israel	7.46
n/a	Morocco	n/a	58		Egypt	5.11
n/a	Morocco	n/a	58		Egypt	5.11
n/a	Nigeria	n/a	59		Pakistan	2.87
n/a	Nigeria	n/a	59		Pakistan	2.87
n/a	Panama	n/a	60		Bangladesh	2.28
n/a	Panama	n/a	60		Bangladesh	2.28
n/a	Sweden................................	n/a		n/a	Norway.................................	n/a
n/a	Venezuela.............................	n/a		n/a	Switzerland...........................	n/a
SOURCE: IMF, Financial Access Survey, 2011
SOURCE: IMF, Financial Access Survey, 2011				SOURCE: Demirguc-Kunt, A. and L. Klapper. 2012. “Measuring Financial Inclusion:
				The Global Findex Database.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6025.
1 2009				Washington DC: The World Bank

382 | The Financial Development Report 2012

7.11

Loan accounts at MFIs

This variable indicates the total number of active borrowers from microfinance institutions (MFIs) per 1,000 adults | 2011

Rank	Country/economy	value
1	Peru	121.19


2	Vietnam	100.50
2	Vietnam	100.50
3	Mexico	52.67
3	Mexico	52.67
4	Colombia	50.34
4	Colombia	50.34
5	Bangladesh	45.99
5	Bangladesh	45.99
6	Philippines	32.22
6	Philippines	32.22
7	India	21.41
7	India	21.41
8	Chile	15.16
8	Chile	15.16
9	Pakistan	10.91
9	Pakistan	10.91
10	Ghana	10.90
10	Ghana	10.90
11	Morocco	10.43
11	Morocco	10.43
12	Brazil	10.30
12	Brazil	10.30
13	Kenya	10.07
13	Kenya	10.07
14	Jordan	6.14
14	Jordan	6.14
15	Tanzania	5.72
15	Tanzania	5.72
16	Kazakhstan	4.62
16	Kazakhstan	4.62
17	Nigeria	4.43
17	Nigeria	4.43
18	Panama	4.14
18	Panama	4.14
19	Egypt	2.50
19	Egypt	2.50
20	.............................Romania	1.93
21	............................Indonesia	1.87
22	...........................Venezuela	1.51
23	............................Argentina	0.96
24	.............Russian Federation	0.73
25	................................Poland	0.36
26	..................................China	0.13
27	........................South Africa	0.08
n/a	Australia................................	n/a
n/a	Austria..................................	n/a
n/a	Bahrain.................................	n/a
n/a	Belgium................................	n/a
n/a	Canada.................................	n/a
n/a	Czech Republic.....................	n/a
n/a	Denmark...............................	n/a
n/a	Finland..................................	n/a
n/a	France..................................	n/a
n/a	Germany...............................	n/a
n/a	Greece..................................	n/a
n/a	Hong Kong SAR...................	n/a
n/a	Hungary................................	n/a
n/a	Ireland...................................	n/a
n/a	Israel.....................................	n/a
n/a	Italy.......................................	n/a
n/a	Japan...................................	n/a
n/a	Korea, Rep...........................	n/a
n/a	Kuwait..................................	n/a
n/a	Malaysia................................	n/a
n/a	Netherlands..........................	n/a
n/a	Norway.................................	n/a
n/a	Portugal................................	n/a
n/a	Saudi Arabia.........................	n/a
n/a	Singapore.............................	n/a
n/a	Slovak Republic....................	n/a
n/a	Spain....................................	n/a
n/a	Sweden................................	n/a
n/a	Switzerland...........................	n/a
n/a	Thailand................................	n/a
n/a	Turkey...................................	n/a
n/a	Ukraine.................................	n/a
n/a	United Arab Emirates............	n/a
n/a	United Kingdom....................	n/a
n/a	United States........................	n/a

SOURCE: Microfinance Information Exchange, Inc. (MIX) (data retrieved August 2012)

3: Data Tables | Financial access

7.12

Loan from a financial institution

This is the percent of respondents who have borrowed from a financial institution in the past year | 2011

Rank	Country/economy	value
1	Finland	23.88


2	Sweden	23.40
2	Sweden	23.40
3	Bangladesh	23.33
3	Bangladesh	23.33
4	Bahrain	21.87
4	Bahrain	21.87
5	Kuwait	20.80
5	Kuwait	20.80
6	Canada	20.30
6	Canada	20.30
7	United States	20.14
7	United States	20.14
8	Thailand	19.40
8	Thailand	19.40
9	Denmark	18.80
9	Denmark	18.80
10	France	18.65
10	France	18.65
11	Australia	16.98
11	Australia	16.98
12	Israel	16.72
12	Israel	16.72
13	Korea, Rep	16.58
13	Korea, Rep	16.58
14	Vietnam	16.18
14	Vietnam	16.18
15	Ireland	15.72
15	Ireland	15.72
16	Kazakhstan	13.07
16	Kazakhstan	13.07
17	Peru	12.75
17	Peru	12.75
18	Netherlands	12.56
18	Netherlands	12.56
19	Germany	12.55
19	Germany	12.55
20	..........................Colombia	11.95
21	................United Kingdom	11.85
22	................................Spain	11.43
23	................Slovak Republic	11.43
24	............................Malaysia	11.20
25	........United Arab Emirates	10.78
26	........................Philippines	10.51
27	............................Belgium	10.51
28	...........................Singapore	9.99
29	..............................Panama	9.76
30	.................................Kenya	9.74
31	................................Poland	9.61
32	...................Czech Republic	9.47
33	..............................Hungary	9.40
34	........................South Africa	8.87
35	............................Indonesia	8.55
36	.............................Romania	8.37
37	..............................Portugal	8.26
38	................................Austria	8.25
39	...............................Ukraine	8.15
40	................................Greece	7.93
41	Hong Kong SAR	7.93
41	Hong Kong SAR	7.93
42	Chile	7.78
42	Chile	7.78
43	....................................India	7.70
44	.............Russian Federation	7.69
45	................................Mexico	7.56
46	..................................China	7.26
47	..............................Tanzania	6.61
48	............................Argentina	6.59
49	Brazil	6.33
49	Brazil	6.33
50	Japan	6.10
50	Japan	6.10
51	Ghana	5.75
51	Ghana	5.75
52	Italy	4.59
52	Italy	4.59
53	Turkey	4.55
53	Turkey	4.55
54	Jordan	4.47
54	Jordan	4.47
55	Morocco	4.30
55	Morocco	4.30
56	Egypt	3.65
56	Egypt	3.65
57	Saudi Arabia	2.14
57	Saudi Arabia	2.14
58	Nigeria	2.06
58	Nigeria	2.06
59	Venezuela	1.73
59	Venezuela	1.73
60	Pakistan	1.57
60	Pakistan	1.57
n/a	Norway.................................	n/a
n/a	Switzerland...........................	n/a

SOURCE: Demirguc-Kunt, A. and L. Klapper. 2012. “Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex Database.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6025. Washington DC: The World Bank

The Financial Development Report 2012 | 383

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