The Financial Development report 2012
.pdf2: Country/Economy Profiles
Pakistan
Financial Development Index in detail (continued) |
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ν Development Advantage |
ν Development Disadvantage |
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indicator |
rank/62 |
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value |
best Performer |
Value |
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5th pillar: Non-banking financial services (continued) |
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M&A activity |
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5.04 |
M&A market share ...................................................................... |
55 |
......ν |
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United States..................... |
34.4 |
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5.05 |
M&A transaction value to GDP..................................................... |
61. |
.....ν................... |
0.4 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
9.9 |
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5.06 |
Share of total number of M&A deals............................................. |
55. |
.....ν................... |
0.1 |
United States..................... |
23.3 |
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Insurance |
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5.07 |
Life insurance penetration............................................................ |
48. |
.....ν................... |
0.4 |
Ireland................................ |
19.8 |
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5.08 |
Non-life insurance penetration...................................................... |
59. |
.....ν................... |
0.3 |
Netherlands.......................... |
9.5 |
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5.09 |
Real growth of direct insurance premiums.................................... |
30. |
.....ν................... |
2.8 |
Argentina............................ |
21.9 |
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5.10 |
Life insurance density................................................................... |
25. |
.....ν................... |
0.6 |
India................................... |
43.5 |
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5.11 |
Non-life insurance density............................................................ |
30. |
.....ν................... |
0.5 |
China................................. |
16.1 |
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5.12 |
Relative value added of insurance to GDP.................................... |
51. |
.....ν................... |
0.5 |
Bahrain................................. |
6.0 |
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Securitization |
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5.13 |
Securitization to GDP ................................................................. |
27. |
.....ν................... |
0.5 |
United States....................... |
5.1 |
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5.14 |
Share of total number of securitization deals................................ |
37. |
.....ν................... |
0.1 |
United States..................... |
53.6 |
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6th pillar: Financial markets |
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Foreign exchange markets |
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6.01 |
Spot foreign exchange turnover ................................................. |
n/a. |
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n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
38.5 |
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6.02 |
Outright forward foreign exchange turnover ................................ |
n/a. |
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n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
41.3 |
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6.03 |
Foreign exchange swap turnover .............................................. |
n/a. |
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n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
33.3 |
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Derivatives markets |
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6.04 |
Interest rate derivatives turnover: Forward rate agreements......... |
n/a. |
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n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
48.4 |
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6.05 |
Interest rate derivatives turnover: Swaps .................................... |
n/a. |
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n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
45.3 |
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6.06 |
Interest rate derivatives turnover: Options ................................... |
n/a. |
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n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
50.4 |
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6.07 |
Foreign exchange derivatives turnover: Currency swaps............. |
n/a. |
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n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
32.1 |
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6.08 |
Foreign exchange derivatives turnover: Options.......................... |
n/a. |
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n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
55.3 |
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Equity market development |
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6.09 |
Stock market turnover ratio.......................................................... |
35. |
.....ν................. |
66.8 |
Turkey.............................. |
237.9 |
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6.10 |
Stock market capitalization to GDP.............................................. |
50. |
.....ν................. |
19.8 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
440.2 |
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6.11 |
Stock market value traded to GDP............................................... |
43. |
.....ν................. |
10.2 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
681.5 |
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6.12 |
Number of listed companies per 10,000 people........................... |
43. |
.....ν................... |
0.0 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
2.0 |
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Bond market development |
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6.13 |
Private domestic bond market capitalization to GDP.................... |
42. |
.....ν................... |
0.0 |
Denmark.......................... |
177.2 |
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6.14 |
Public domestic bond market capitalization to GDP..................... |
26. |
.....ν................. |
31.1 |
Japan............................... |
208.5 |
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6.15 |
Private international bonds to GDP............................................... |
56. |
.....ν................... |
0.0 |
Ireland.............................. |
202.8 |
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6.16 |
Public international bonds to GDP................................................ |
45. |
.....ν................... |
0.7 |
Greece............................... |
70.8 |
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6.17 |
Local currency corporate bond issuance to GDP........................... |
8. |
.....ν................... |
1.4 |
Malaysia............................... |
4.9 |
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7th pillar: Financial access |
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Commercial access |
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7.01 |
Financial market sophistication..................................................... |
51. |
.....ν................... |
3.9 |
United Kingdom................... |
6.8 |
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7.02 |
Venture capital availability............................................................. |
36. |
.....ν................... |
2.8 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
4.5 |
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7.03 |
Ease of access to credit .............................................................. |
43. |
.....ν................... |
3.3 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
5.0 |
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7.04 |
Financing through local equity market.......................................... |
40. |
.....ν................... |
3.8 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
5.7 |
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7.05 |
Ease of access to loans............................................................... |
40. |
.....ν................... |
2.9 |
Bahrain................................. |
4.8 |
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7.06 |
Foreign direct investment to GDP................................................. |
54. |
.....ν................... |
0.6 |
Hong Kong SAR................. |
34.2 |
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Retail access |
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7.07 |
Market penetration of bank accounts........................................... |
59. |
.....ν................. |
10.3 |
Denmark............................ |
99.7 |
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7.08 |
Commercial bank branches ......................................................... |
41. |
.....ν................... |
8.8 |
Portugal............................. |
75.9 |
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7.09 |
Total number of ATMs.................................................................. |
46. |
.....ν................... |
4.4 |
Korea, Rep....................... |
250.3 |
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7.10 |
Debit card penetration.................................................................. |
59. |
.....ν................... |
2.9 |
Netherlands........................ |
97.6 |
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7.11 |
Loan accounts at MFIs................................................................... |
9. |
.....ν................. |
10.9 |
Peru................................. |
121.2 |
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7.12 |
Loan from a financial institution.................................................... |
60. |
.....ν................... |
1.6 |
Finland............................... |
23.9 |
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The Financial Development Report 2012 | 215
2: Country/Economy Profiles
Panama
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2011..................................................................... |
3.6 |
GDP (US$ billions), 2011..................................................................... |
30.6 |
GDP (current prices) per capita, 2011............................................ |
8,514.2 |
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total, 2011....................................... |
0.06 |
Compound annual growth rate of real GDP (%), 2007—2011............. |
6.35 |
Financial assets by major type, 2010
23.3% |
24.8% |
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2.1%
49.7%
Total/GDP 176.0%
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US$ bn |
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Public debt securities |
11.6 |
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Private debt securities |
1.0 |
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Banking deposits |
23.3 |
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Equity securities |
10.9 |
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Total |
46.8 |
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Financial Development Index 2012
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Rank (out of 62) |
Score (1—7 scale) |
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2012 Index |
36 |
3.4 |
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Factors, policies, and institutions |
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1st pillar: Institutional environment |
31 |
4.3 |
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Financial sector liberalization |
21 |
6.3 |
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Corporate governance |
32 |
4.3 |
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Legal and regulatory issues |
45 |
3.4 |
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Contract enforcement |
59 |
3.1 |
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2nd pillar: Business environment |
38 |
4.3 |
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Human capital |
38 |
4.0 |
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Taxes |
50 |
4.2 |
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Infrastructure |
32 |
4.3 |
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Cost of doing business |
37 |
4.9 |
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3rd pillar: Financial stability |
29 |
4.5 |
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Currency stability |
35 |
4.3 |
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Banking system stability |
35 |
4.1 |
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Risk of sovereign debt crisis |
27 |
5.2 |
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Financial intermediation
4th pillar: Banking financial services |
24 |
4.2 |
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Size index |
26 |
3.1 |
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Efficiency index |
12 |
6.1 |
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Financial information disclosure |
32 |
2.6 |
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5th pillar: Non-banking financial services |
38 |
1.9 |
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IPO Activity.................................................................................... |
n/a |
n/a |
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M&A Activity |
31 |
2.0 |
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Insurance |
40 |
2.5 |
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Securitization |
48 |
1.2 |
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6th pillar: Financial markets |
58 |
1.3 |
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Foreign exchange markets............................................................ |
n/a |
n/a |
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Derivatives markets....................................................................... |
n/a |
n/a |
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Equity market development |
55 |
1.3 |
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Bond market development............................................................ |
n/a |
n/a |
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7 |
Financial access
7th pillar: Financial access.................................................................. |
35 |
3.4 |
Commercial access.......................................................................... |
3 |
5.0 |
Retail access.................................................................................. |
53 |
1.8 |
1 |
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3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
outputs |
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Note: For further details and explanation, please refer to “How Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”
216 | The Financial Development Report 2012
2: Country/Economy Profiles
Panama
Financial Development Index in detail |
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ν Development Advantage |
ν Development Disadvantage |
||||
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indicator |
rank/62 |
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value |
best Performer |
Value |
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1st pillar: Institutional environment |
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Financial sector liberalization |
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1.01 |
Capital account liberalization........................................................ |
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26 |
......ν |
...................7.0 |
Multiple (25).......................... |
7.0 |
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1.02 |
Commitments to WTO Agreement on Trade in Services............... |
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27. |
.....ν................... |
5.1 |
Multiple (17).......................... |
7.0 |
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1.03 |
Domestic financial sector liberalization.......................................... |
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25. |
.....ν................... |
7.0 |
Multiple (24).......................... |
7.0 |
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Corporate governance |
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1.04 |
Extent of incentive-based compensation...................................... |
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30. |
.....ν................... |
4.2 |
United Kingdom................... |
5.3 |
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1.05 |
Efficacy of corporate boards......................................................... |
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38. |
.....ν................... |
4.4 |
South Africa......................... |
5.8 |
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1.06 |
Reliance on professional management......................................... |
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58. |
.....ν................... |
3.6 |
Finland................................. |
6.3 |
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1.07 |
Willingness to delegate ................................................................ |
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36. |
.....ν................... |
3.8 |
Denmark.............................. |
6.2 |
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1.08 |
Strength of auditing and reporting standards................................ |
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22. |
.....ν................... |
5.2 |
South Africa......................... |
6.6 |
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1.09 |
Ethical behavior of firms............................................................... |
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34. |
.....ν................... |
4.0 |
Finland................................. |
6.5 |
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1.10 |
Protection of minority shareholders’ interests............................... |
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25. |
.....ν................... |
4.7 |
Finland................................. |
6.1 |
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Legal and regulatory issues |
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1.11 |
Burden of government regulation................................................. |
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14. |
.....ν................... |
3.8 |
Singapore............................. |
5.6 |
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1.12 |
Regulation of securities exchanges.............................................. |
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45. |
.....ν................... |
4.0 |
South Africa......................... |
6.5 |
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1.13 |
Property rights ............................................................................ |
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28. |
.....ν................... |
4.9 |
Finland................................. |
6.5 |
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1.14 |
Intellectual property protection..................................................... |
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25. |
.....ν................... |
4.6 |
Finland................................. |
6.3 |
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1.15 |
Diversion of public funds.............................................................. |
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39. |
.....ν................... |
3.0 |
Denmark.............................. |
6.3 |
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1.16 |
Public trust in politicians .............................................................. |
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46. |
.....ν................... |
2.2 |
Singapore............................. |
6.3 |
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1.17 |
Corruption perceptions index....................................................... |
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46. |
.....ν................... |
3.3 |
Finland................................. |
9.4 |
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1.18 |
Strength of legal rights index........................................................ |
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42. |
.....ν................... |
5.0 |
Multiple (6).......................... |
10.0 |
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1.19 |
Central bank transparency.......................................................... |
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n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
Sweden.............................. |
15.0 |
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Contract enforcement |
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1.20 |
Effectiveness of law-making bodies.............................................. |
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51. |
.....ν................... |
2.8 |
Singapore............................. |
6.4 |
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1.21 |
Judicial independence.................................................................. |
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60. |
.....ν................... |
2.3 |
Finland................................. |
6.5 |
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1.22 |
Irregular payments in judicial decisions......................................... |
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50. |
.....ν................... |
3.2 |
Denmark.............................. |
6.8 |
|
1.23 |
Time to enforce a contract........................................................... |
|
50. |
.....ν............... |
686.0 |
Singapore......................... |
150.0 |
|
1.24 |
Number of procedures to enforce a contract................................ |
|
18. |
.....ν................. |
31.0 |
Multiple (2).......................... |
21.0 |
|
1.25 |
Strength of investor protection index............................................ |
|
48. |
.....ν................... |
4.7 |
Singapore............................. |
9.3 |
|
1.26 |
Cost of enforcing contracts ......................................................... |
|
60. |
.....ν................. |
50.0 |
Norway................................ |
9.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2nd pillar: Business environment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Human capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.01 |
Quality of management schools................................................... |
|
47. |
.....ν................... |
4.1 |
United Kingdom................... |
6.1 |
|
2.02 |
Quality of math and science education......................................... |
|
58. |
.....ν................... |
2.8 |
Singapore............................. |
6.3 |
|
2.03 |
Extent of staff training................................................................... |
|
30. |
.....ν................... |
4.2 |
Switzerland.......................... |
5.6 |
|
2.04 |
Local availability of specialized research and training services |
....... 33. |
.....ν................... |
4.6 |
Switzerland.......................... |
6.4 |
|
|
2.05 |
Brain drain................................................................................... |
|
21. |
.....ν................... |
4.5 |
Switzerland.......................... |
6.3 |
|
2.06 |
Tertiary enrollment ...................................................................... |
|
37. |
.....ν................. |
44.6 |
Korea, Rep....................... |
103.1 |
|
|
Taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.07 |
Irregular payments in tax collection............................................... |
|
36. |
.....ν................... |
4.6 |
Finland................................. |
6.9 |
|
2.08 |
Distortive effect of taxes and subsidies on competition................. |
|
39. |
.....ν................... |
3.8 |
United Arab Emirates........... |
5.9 |
|
2.09 |
Marginal tax variation................................................................... |
|
47. |
.....ν................. |
11.3 |
Kuwait................................ |
-4.8 |
|
2.10 |
Time to pay taxes......................................................................... |
|
55. |
.....ν............... |
482.0 |
United Arab Emirates......... |
12.0 |
|
|
Infrastructure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.11 |
Quality of overall infrastructure ..................................................... |
|
30. |
.....ν................... |
5.1 |
Switzerland.......................... |
6.6 |
|
2.12 |
Quality of electricity supply........................................................... |
|
31. |
.....ν................... |
5.5 |
Netherlands.......................... |
6.8 |
|
2.13 |
Internet users .............................................................................. |
|
41. |
.....ν................. |
42.7 |
Norway.............................. |
94.0 |
|
2.14 |
Broadband Internet subscriptions................................................ |
|
39. |
.....ν................... |
7.9 |
Switzerland........................ |
39.2 |
|
2.15 |
Telephone subscriptions............................................................... |
|
45. |
.....ν................. |
15.2 |
Germany............................ |
63.1 |
|
2.16 |
Mobile telephone subscriptions ..................................................... |
|
2. |
.....ν............... |
203.9 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
209.6 |
|
(continued)
The Financial Development Report 2012 | 217
2: Country/Economy Profiles
Panama
Financial Development Index in detail (continued) |
|
ν Development Advantage |
ν Development Disadvantage |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
indicator |
rank/62 |
|
value |
best Performer |
Value |
|
|
2nd pillar: Business environment (continued) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of doing business |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.17 |
Cost of starting a business........................................................... |
40 |
......ν |
...................9.9 |
Denmark.............................. |
0.0 |
|
2.18 |
Cost of registering property ......................................................... |
44. |
.....ν................... |
5.3 |
Multiple (2)............................ |
0.0 |
|
2.19 |
Cost of closing a business........................................................... |
42. |
.....ν................. |
18.0 |
Multiple (4)............................ |
1.0 |
|
2.20 |
Time to start a business............................................................... |
19. |
.....ν................... |
8.0 |
Australia............................... |
2.0 |
|
2.21 |
Time to register property.............................................................. |
35. |
.....ν................. |
32.0 |
Portugal............................... |
1.0 |
|
2.22 |
Time to close a business.............................................................. |
35. |
.....ν................... |
2.5 |
Ireland.................................. |
0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3rd pillar: Financial stability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency stability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.01 |
Change in real effective exchange rate (REER)............................. |
24. |
.....ν................... |
1.1 |
Brazil.................................... |
8.3 |
|
3.02 |
External vulnerability indicator......................................................... |
7. |
.....ν................. |
21.1 |
Saudi Arabia......................... |
9.3 |
|
3.03 |
Current account balance to GDP................................................. |
59. |
.....ν................. |
-8.1 |
Kuwait................................ |
32.0 |
|
3.04 |
Dollarization vulnerability indicator............................................... |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
Multiple (25).......................... |
0.0 |
|
3.05 |
External debt to GDP (developing economies).............................. |
23. |
.....ν................. |
40.9 |
China................................... |
9.6 |
|
3.06Net international investment position to GDP
|
(advanced economies)................................................................ |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
287.7 |
|
Banking system stability |
|
|
|
|
|
3.07 |
Frequency of banking crises......................................................... |
16...... ................... |
ν |
1.0 |
Multiple (9)............................ |
0.0 |
3.08 |
Financial strengths indicator......................................................... |
39...... ................... |
ν |
3.0 |
Multiple (3)............................ |
9.0 |
3.09 |
Aggregate measure of real estate bubbles...................................... |
6...... ................... |
ν |
6.6 |
Ireland.................................. |
6.9 |
3.10 |
Tier 1 capital ratio......................................................................... |
29...... ................. |
ν |
12.8 |
Ghana................................ |
22.7 |
3.11 |
Output loss during banking crises................................................ |
52...... ................. |
ν |
85.0 |
Multiple (20).......................... |
0.0 |
|
Risk of sovereign debt crisis |
|
|
|
|
|
3.12 |
Local currency sovereign rating.................................................... |
39...... ................. |
ν |
12.0 |
Multiple (10)........................ |
20.0 |
3.13 |
Foreign currency sovereign rating................................................. |
34...... ................. |
ν |
12.0 |
Multiple (10)........................ |
20.0 |
3.14 |
Aggregate macroeconomic indicator.............................................. |
4...... ................... |
ν |
6.3 |
Peru..................................... |
6.4 |
3.15 |
Manageability of public debt ........................................................ |
25...... ................. |
ν |
42.6 |
Kuwait.................................. |
6.2 |
3.16 |
Credit default swap spreads......................................................... |
20...... ............... |
ν |
138.5 |
Norway.............................. |
36.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4th pillar: Banking financial services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size index |
|
|
|
|
|
4.01 |
Deposit money bank assets to GDP............................................. |
30...... ................. |
ν |
82.8 |
Ireland.............................. |
245.1 |
4.02 |
Central bank assets to GDP......................................................... |
12...... ................... |
ν |
5.2 |
Brazil.................................. |
18.3 |
4.03 |
Financial system deposits to GDP................................................ |
19...... ................. |
ν |
87.3 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
305.8 |
4.04 |
M2 to GDP................................................................................... |
23...... ................. |
ν |
82.9 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
320.5 |
4.05 |
Private credit to GDP.................................................................... |
32...... ................. |
ν |
78.8 |
Denmark.......................... |
229.8 |
4.06 |
Bank deposits to GDP................................................................. |
19...... ................. |
ν |
87.8 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
305.8 |
4.07 |
Money market instruments to GDP.............................................. |
19...... ................... |
ν |
0.5 |
Ireland................................ |
18.6 |
|
Efficiency index |
|
|
|
|
|
4.08 |
Aggregate profitability indicator.................................................... |
16...... ................... |
ν |
5.2 |
Czech Republic.................... |
6.0 |
4.09 |
Bank overhead costs................................................................... |
41...... ................... |
ν |
2.6 |
Finland................................. |
0.6 |
4.10 |
Public ownership of banks............................................................. |
1...... ................... |
ν |
0.0 |
Multiple (22).......................... |
0.0 |
4.11 |
Bank operating costs to assets.................................................... |
35...... ................... |
ν |
2.2 |
Sweden................................ |
0.8 |
4.12 |
Non-performing bank loans to total loans....................................... |
5...... ................... |
ν |
0.9 |
Finland................................. |
0.5 |
|
Financial information disclosure |
|
|
|
|
|
4.13 |
Private credit bureau coverage .................................................... |
25...... ................. |
ν |
53.8 |
Multiple (12)...................... |
100.0 |
4.14 |
Public credit registry coverage ..................................................... |
26...... ................... |
ν |
0.0 |
Portugal............................. |
86.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5th pillar: Non-banking financial services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
IPO activity |
|
|
|
|
|
5.01 |
IPO market share ....................................................................... |
n/a............................ |
|
n/a |
China................................. |
37.8 |
5.02 |
IPO proceeds amount ................................................................ |
n/a............................ |
|
n/a |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
5.1 |
5.03 |
Share of world IPOs.................................................................... |
n/a............................ |
|
n/a |
China................................. |
30.2 |
(continued)
218 | The Financial Development Report 2012
2: Country/Economy Profiles
Panama
Financial Development Index in detail (continued) |
|
ν Development Advantage |
ν Development Disadvantage |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
indicator |
rank/62 |
|
value |
best Performer |
Value |
|
|
5th pillar: Non-banking financial services (continued) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M&A activity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.04 |
M&A market share ...................................................................... |
52 |
......ν |
...................0.0 |
United States..................... |
34.4 |
|
5.05 |
M&A transaction value to GDP..................................................... |
21. |
.....ν................... |
4.1 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
9.9 |
|
5.06 |
Share of total number of M&A deals............................................. |
58. |
.....ν................... |
0.0 |
United States..................... |
23.3 |
|
|
Insurance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.07 |
Life insurance penetration............................................................ |
41. |
.....ν................... |
0.8 |
Ireland................................ |
19.8 |
|
5.08 |
Non-life insurance penetration...................................................... |
17. |
.....ν................... |
2.7 |
Netherlands.......................... |
9.5 |
|
5.09 |
Real growth of direct insurance premiums.................................... |
14. |
.....ν................... |
8.2 |
Argentina............................ |
21.9 |
|
5.10 |
Life insurance density................................................................... |
54. |
.....ν................... |
0.0 |
India................................... |
43.5 |
|
5.11 |
Non-life insurance density............................................................ |
55. |
.....ν................... |
0.1 |
China................................. |
16.1 |
|
5.12 |
Relative value added of insurance to GDP.................................... |
40. |
.....ν................... |
0.8 |
Bahrain................................. |
6.0 |
|
|
Securitization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.13 |
Securitization to GDP ................................................................. |
45. |
.....ν................... |
0.2 |
United States....................... |
5.1 |
|
5.14 |
Share of total number of securitization deals................................ |
56. |
.....ν................... |
0.0 |
United States..................... |
53.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6th pillar: Financial markets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange markets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.01 |
Spot foreign exchange turnover ................................................. |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
38.5 |
|
6.02 |
Outright forward foreign exchange turnover ................................ |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
41.3 |
|
6.03 |
Foreign exchange swap turnover .............................................. |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
33.3 |
|
|
Derivatives markets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.04 |
Interest rate derivatives turnover: Forward rate agreements......... |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
48.4 |
|
6.05 |
Interest rate derivatives turnover: Swaps .................................... |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
45.3 |
|
6.06 |
Interest rate derivatives turnover: Options ................................... |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
50.4 |
|
6.07 |
Foreign exchange derivatives turnover: Currency swaps............. |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
32.1 |
|
6.08 |
Foreign exchange derivatives turnover: Options.......................... |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
55.3 |
|
|
Equity market development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.09 |
Stock market turnover ratio.......................................................... |
59. |
.....ν................... |
2.4 |
Turkey.............................. |
237.9 |
|
6.10 |
Stock market capitalization to GDP.............................................. |
43. |
.....ν................. |
35.9 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
440.2 |
|
6.11 |
Stock market value traded to GDP............................................... |
57. |
.....ν................... |
0.5 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
681.5 |
|
6.12 |
Number of listed companies per 10,000 people........................... |
35. |
.....ν................... |
0.1 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
2.0 |
|
|
Bond market development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.13 |
Private domestic bond market capitalization to GDP................... |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
Denmark.......................... |
177.2 |
|
6.14 |
Public domestic bond market capitalization to GDP.................... |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
Japan............................... |
208.5 |
|
6.15 |
Private international bonds to GDP............................................... |
39. |
.....ν................... |
4.4 |
Ireland.............................. |
202.8 |
|
6.16 |
Public international bonds to GDP.................................................. |
2. |
.....ν................. |
30.0 |
Greece............................... |
70.8 |
|
6.17 |
Local currency corporate bond issuance to GDP........................ |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
Malaysia............................... |
4.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7th pillar: Financial access |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial access |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.01 |
Financial market sophistication..................................................... |
10. |
.....ν................... |
6.0 |
United Kingdom................... |
6.8 |
|
7.02 |
Venture capital availability............................................................. |
13. |
.....ν................... |
3.7 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
4.5 |
|
7.03 |
Ease of access to credit ................................................................ |
3. |
.....ν................... |
4.8 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
5.0 |
|
7.04 |
Financing through local equity market.......................................... |
27. |
.....ν................... |
4.3 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
5.7 |
|
7.05 |
Ease of access to loans................................................................. |
9. |
.....ν................... |
4.1 |
Bahrain................................. |
4.8 |
|
7.06 |
Foreign direct investment to GDP................................................... |
4. |
.....ν................... |
9.1 |
Hong Kong SAR................. |
34.2 |
|
|
Retail access |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.07 |
Market penetration of bank accounts........................................... |
54. |
.....ν................. |
24.9 |
Denmark............................ |
99.7 |
|
7.08 |
Commercial bank branches ........................................................ |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
Portugal............................. |
75.9 |
|
7.09 |
Total number of ATMs................................................................. |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
Korea, Rep....................... |
250.3 |
|
7.10 |
Debit card penetration.................................................................. |
54. |
.....ν................. |
11.3 |
Netherlands........................ |
97.6 |
|
7.11 |
Loan accounts at MFIs................................................................. |
18. |
.....ν................... |
4.1 |
Peru................................. |
121.2 |
|
7.12 |
Loan from a financial institution.................................................... |
29. |
.....ν................... |
9.8 |
Finland............................... |
23.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Financial Development Report 2012 | 219
2: Country/Economy Profiles
Peru
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2011................................................................... |
30.0 |
GDP (US$ billions), 2011................................................................... |
173.5 |
GDP (current prices) per capita, 2011............................................ |
5,781.6 |
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total, 2011....................................... |
0.38 |
Compound annual growth rate of real GDP (%), 2007—2011............. |
5.20 |
Financial assets by major type, 2010
|
17.6% |
|
|
|
US$ bn |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.0% |
|
|
Public debt securities |
33.8 |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
Private debt securities |
11.5 |
|
|
|
||||
52.1% |
|
|
|
Banking deposits |
46.5 |
|
|
|
|||
|
24.3% |
|
|
Equity securities |
99.8 |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
191.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total/GDP 124.5%
Financial Development Index 2012
|
Rank (out of 62) |
Score (1—7 scale) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 Index |
41 |
3.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
inputs |
|
Factors, policies, and institutions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
1st pillar: Institutional environment |
45 |
3.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Financial sector liberalization |
35 |
4.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Corporate governance |
38 |
4.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Legal and regulatory issues |
47 |
3.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Contract enforcement |
52 |
3.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
2nd pillar: Business environment |
43 |
4.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Human capital |
49 |
3.6 |
|
|
|
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Taxes |
28 |
5.1 |
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Infrastructure |
49 |
3.0 |
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Cost of doing business |
36 |
5.0 |
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3rd pillar: Financial stability |
15 |
5.0 |
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Currency stability |
21 |
4.8 |
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Banking system stability |
16 |
4.9 |
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Risk of sovereign debt crisis |
17 |
5.5 |
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1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
Financial intermediation
4th pillar: Banking financial services |
46 |
3.1 |
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Size index |
59 |
1.1 |
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Efficiency index |
36 |
5.0 |
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Financial information disclosure |
28 |
3.1 |
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5th pillar: Non-banking financial services |
46 |
1.7 |
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IPO Activity |
51 |
1.0 |
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M&A Activity |
45 |
1.5 |
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Insurance |
48 |
2.1 |
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Securitization |
21 |
2.1 |
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6th pillar: Financial markets |
55 |
1.4 |
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Foreign exchange markets |
45 |
1.0 |
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Derivatives markets |
42 |
1.0 |
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Equity market development |
51 |
1.6 |
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Bond market development |
42 |
1.7 |
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1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
Financial access
7th pillar: Financial access.................................................................. |
26 |
3.8 |
Commercial access........................................................................ |
21 |
3.9 |
Retail access.................................................................................. |
28 |
3.7 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
outputs |
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Note: For further details and explanation, please refer to “How Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”
220 | The Financial Development Report 2012
2: Country/Economy Profiles
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Peru |
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Financial Development Index in detail |
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ν Development Advantage |
ν Development Disadvantage |
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indicator |
rank/62 |
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value |
best Performer |
Value |
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1st pillar: Institutional environment |
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Financial sector liberalization |
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1.01 |
Capital account liberalization........................................................ |
|
33 |
......ν |
...................5.2 |
Multiple (25).......................... |
7.0 |
|
1.02 |
Commitments to WTO Agreement on Trade in Services............... |
|
50. |
.....ν................... |
2.1 |
Multiple (17).......................... |
7.0 |
|
1.03 |
Domestic financial sector liberalization.......................................... |
|
34. |
.....ν................... |
5.2 |
Multiple (24).......................... |
7.0 |
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Corporate governance |
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1.04 |
Extent of incentive-based compensation...................................... |
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48. |
.....ν................... |
3.8 |
United Kingdom................... |
5.3 |
|
1.05 |
Efficacy of corporate boards......................................................... |
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29. |
.....ν................... |
4.7 |
South Africa......................... |
5.8 |
|
1.06 |
Reliance on professional management......................................... |
|
31. |
.....ν................... |
4.6 |
Finland................................. |
6.3 |
|
1.07 |
Willingness to delegate ................................................................ |
|
43. |
.....ν................... |
3.7 |
Denmark.............................. |
6.2 |
|
1.08 |
Strength of auditing and reporting standards................................ |
|
32. |
.....ν................... |
5.0 |
South Africa......................... |
6.6 |
|
1.09 |
Ethical behavior of firms............................................................... |
|
46. |
.....ν................... |
3.6 |
Finland................................. |
6.5 |
|
1.10 |
Protection of minority shareholders’ interests............................... |
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40. |
.....ν................... |
4.2 |
Finland................................. |
6.1 |
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Legal and regulatory issues |
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1.11 |
Burden of government regulation................................................. |
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49. |
.....ν................... |
2.7 |
Singapore............................. |
5.6 |
|
1.12 |
Regulation of securities exchanges.............................................. |
|
56. |
.....ν................... |
3.6 |
South Africa......................... |
6.5 |
|
1.13 |
Property rights ............................................................................ |
|
51. |
.....ν................... |
3.8 |
Finland................................. |
6.5 |
|
1.14 |
Intellectual property protection..................................................... |
|
59. |
.....ν................... |
2.6 |
Finland................................. |
6.3 |
|
1.15 |
Diversion of public funds.............................................................. |
|
48. |
.....ν................... |
2.7 |
Denmark.............................. |
6.3 |
|
1.16 |
Public trust in politicians .............................................................. |
|
54. |
.....ν................... |
1.9 |
Singapore............................. |
6.3 |
|
1.17 |
Corruption perceptions index....................................................... |
|
44. |
.....ν................... |
3.4 |
Finland................................. |
9.4 |
|
1.18 |
Strength of legal rights index........................................................ |
|
24. |
.....ν................... |
7.0 |
Multiple (6).......................... |
10.0 |
|
1.19 |
Central bank transparency........................................................... |
|
29. |
.....ν................... |
9.0 |
Sweden.............................. |
15.0 |
|
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Contract enforcement |
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1.20 |
Effectiveness of law-making bodies.............................................. |
|
61. |
.....ν................... |
2.0 |
Singapore............................. |
6.4 |
|
1.21 |
Judicial independence.................................................................. |
|
59. |
.....ν................... |
2.5 |
Finland................................. |
6.5 |
|
1.22 |
Irregular payments in judicial decisions......................................... |
|
60. |
.....ν................... |
2.4 |
Denmark.............................. |
6.8 |
|
1.23 |
Time to enforce a contract........................................................... |
|
24. |
.....ν............... |
428.0 |
Singapore......................... |
150.0 |
|
1.24 |
Number of procedures to enforce a contract................................ |
|
52. |
.....ν................. |
41.0 |
Multiple (2).......................... |
21.0 |
|
1.25 |
Strength of investor protection index............................................ |
|
13. |
.....ν................... |
7.0 |
Singapore............................. |
9.3 |
|
1.26 |
Cost of enforcing contracts ......................................................... |
|
54. |
.....ν................. |
35.7 |
Norway................................ |
9.9 |
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2nd pillar: Business environment |
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Human capital |
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2.01 |
Quality of management schools................................................... |
|
32. |
.....ν................... |
4.5 |
United Kingdom................... |
6.1 |
|
2.02 |
Quality of math and science education......................................... |
|
61. |
.....ν................... |
2.1 |
Singapore............................. |
6.3 |
|
2.03 |
Extent of staff training................................................................... |
|
45. |
.....ν................... |
3.8 |
Switzerland.......................... |
5.6 |
|
2.04 |
Local availability of specialized research and training services....... |
51. |
.....ν................... |
3.9 |
Switzerland.......................... |
6.4 |
|
|
2.05 |
Brain drain................................................................................... |
|
31. |
.....ν................... |
3.9 |
Switzerland.......................... |
6.3 |
|
2.06 |
Tertiary enrollment ...................................................................... |
|
38. |
.....ν................. |
43.0 |
Korea, Rep....................... |
103.1 |
|
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Taxes |
|
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|
2.07 |
Irregular payments in tax collection............................................... |
|
32. |
.....ν................... |
5.0 |
Finland................................. |
6.9 |
|
2.08 |
Distortive effect of taxes and subsidies on competition................. |
|
31. |
.....ν................... |
4.1 |
United Arab Emirates........... |
5.9 |
|
2.09 |
Marginal tax variation................................................................... |
|
18. |
.....ν................... |
3.4 |
Kuwait................................ |
-4.8 |
|
2.10 |
Time to pay taxes......................................................................... |
|
47. |
.....ν............... |
309.0 |
United Arab Emirates......... |
12.0 |
|
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Infrastructure |
|
|
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|
2.11 |
Quality of overall infrastructure ..................................................... |
|
55. |
.....ν................... |
3.4 |
Switzerland.......................... |
6.6 |
|
2.12 |
Quality of electricity supply........................................................... |
|
42. |
.....ν................... |
4.8 |
Netherlands.......................... |
6.8 |
|
2.13 |
Internet users .............................................................................. |
|
46. |
.....ν................. |
36.5 |
Norway.............................. |
94.0 |
|
2.14 |
Broadband Internet subscriptions................................................ |
|
47. |
.....ν................... |
3.5 |
Switzerland........................ |
39.2 |
|
2.15 |
Telephone subscriptions............................................................... |
|
49. |
.....ν................. |
11.1 |
Germany............................ |
63.1 |
|
2.16 |
Mobile telephone subscriptions ................................................... |
|
37. |
.....ν............... |
110.4 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
209.6 |
|
(continued)
The Financial Development Report 2012 | 221
2: Country/Economy Profiles
Peru
Financial Development Index in detail (continued) |
|
ν Development Advantage |
ν Development Disadvantage |
||||
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indicator |
rank/62 |
|
value |
best Performer |
Value |
|
|
2nd pillar: Business environment (continued) |
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Cost of doing business |
|
|
|
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|
2.17 |
Cost of starting a business........................................................... |
45 |
......ν |
................. 11.9 |
Denmark.............................. |
0.0 |
|
2.18 |
Cost of registering property ......................................................... |
24. |
.....ν |
...................3.3 |
Multiple (2)............................ |
0.0 |
|
2.19 |
Cost of closing a business........................................................... |
15. |
.....ν................... |
7.0 |
Multiple (4)............................ |
1.0 |
|
2.20 |
Time to start a business............................................................... |
44. |
.....ν................. |
26.0 |
Australia............................... |
2.0 |
|
2.21 |
Time to register property................................................................ |
9. |
.....ν................... |
7.0 |
Portugal............................... |
1.0 |
|
2.22 |
Time to close a business.............................................................. |
44. |
.....ν................... |
3.1 |
Ireland.................................. |
0.4 |
|
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|
|
3rd pillar: Financial stability |
|
|
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|
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Currency stability |
|
|
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|
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|
3.01 |
Change in real effective exchange rate (REER)............................. |
17. |
.....ν................... |
2.3 |
Brazil.................................... |
8.3 |
|
3.02 |
External vulnerability indicator......................................................... |
5. |
.....ν................. |
19.8 |
Saudi Arabia......................... |
9.3 |
|
3.03 |
Current account balance to GDP................................................. |
34. |
.....ν................. |
-0.9 |
Kuwait................................ |
32.0 |
|
3.04 |
Dollarization vulnerability indicator................................................ |
41. |
.....ν................. |
46.6 |
Multiple (25).......................... |
0.0 |
|
3.05 |
External debt to GDP (developing economies).............................. |
10. |
.....ν................. |
24.4 |
China................................... |
9.6 |
|
3.06Net international investment position to GDP
|
(advanced economies)............................................................... |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
287.7 |
|
Banking system stability |
|
|
|
|
|
3.07 |
Frequency of banking crises......................................................... |
13...... ................... |
ν |
0.8 |
Multiple (9)............................ |
0.0 |
3.08 |
Financial strengths indicator......................................................... |
30...... ................... |
ν |
4.0 |
Multiple (3)............................ |
9.0 |
3.09 |
Aggregate measure of real estate bubbles...................................... |
7...... ................... |
ν |
6.5 |
Ireland.................................. |
6.9 |
3.10 |
Tier 1 capital ratio......................................................................... |
20...... ................. |
ν |
13.5 |
Ghana................................ |
22.7 |
3.11 |
Output loss during banking crises................................................ |
35...... ................. |
ν |
41.4 |
Multiple (20).......................... |
0.0 |
|
Risk of sovereign debt crisis |
|
|
|
|
|
3.12 |
Local currency sovereign rating.................................................... |
32...... ................. |
ν |
13.0 |
Multiple (10)........................ |
20.0 |
3.13 |
Foreign currency sovereign rating................................................. |
34...... ................. |
ν |
12.0 |
Multiple (10)........................ |
20.0 |
3.14 |
Aggregate macroeconomic indicator.............................................. |
1...... ................... |
ν |
6.4 |
Peru..................................... |
6.4 |
3.15 |
Manageability of public debt .......................................................... |
8...... ................. |
ν |
19.9 |
Kuwait.................................. |
6.2 |
3.16 |
Credit default swap spreads......................................................... |
25...... ............... |
ν |
153.4 |
Norway.............................. |
36.2 |
|
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|
|
4th pillar: Banking financial services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size index |
|
|
|
|
|
4.01 |
Deposit money bank assets to GDP............................................. |
55...... ................. |
ν |
24.3 |
Ireland.............................. |
245.1 |
4.02 |
Central bank assets to GDP........................................................ |
n/a............................ |
|
n/a |
Brazil.................................. |
18.3 |
4.03 |
Financial system deposits to GDP................................................ |
51...... ................. |
ν |
27.3 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
305.8 |
4.04 |
M2 to GDP................................................................................... |
55...... ................. |
ν |
34.5 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
320.5 |
4.05 |
Private credit to GDP.................................................................... |
54...... ................. |
ν |
22.8 |
Denmark.......................... |
229.8 |
4.06 |
Bank deposits to GDP................................................................. |
52...... ................. |
ν |
27.3 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
305.8 |
4.07 |
Money market instruments to GDP.............................................. |
33...... ................... |
ν |
0.0 |
Ireland................................ |
18.6 |
|
Efficiency index |
|
|
|
|
|
4.08 |
Aggregate profitability indicator.................................................... |
25...... ................... |
ν |
5.0 |
Czech Republic.................... |
6.0 |
4.09 |
Bank overhead costs................................................................... |
52...... ................... |
ν |
3.7 |
Finland................................. |
0.6 |
4.10 |
Public ownership of banks........................................................... |
35...... ................... |
ν |
8.8 |
Multiple (22).......................... |
0.0 |
4.11 |
Bank operating costs to assets.................................................... |
54...... ................... |
ν |
4.4 |
Sweden................................ |
0.8 |
4.12 |
Non-performing bank loans to total loans..................................... |
19...... ................... |
ν |
2.5 |
Finland................................. |
0.5 |
|
Financial information disclosure |
|
|
|
|
|
4.13 |
Private credit bureau coverage .................................................... |
33...... ................. |
ν |
36.0 |
Multiple (12)...................... |
100.0 |
4.14 |
Public credit registry coverage ..................................................... |
12...... ................. |
ν |
28.5 |
Portugal............................. |
86.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5th pillar: Non-banking financial services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
IPO activity |
|
|
|
|
|
5.01 |
IPO market share ........................................................................ |
49...... ................... |
ν |
0.0 |
China................................. |
37.8 |
5.02 |
IPO proceeds amount ................................................................. |
50...... ................... |
ν |
0.0 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
5.1 |
5.03 |
Share of world IPOs..................................................................... |
52...... ................... |
ν |
0.0 |
China................................. |
30.2 |
(continued)
222 | The Financial Development Report 2012
2: Country/Economy Profiles
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|
|
Peru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Financial Development Index in detail (continued) |
|
ν Development Advantage |
ν Development Disadvantage |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
indicator |
rank/62 |
|
value |
best Performer |
Value |
|
|
5th pillar: Non-banking financial services (continued) |
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
M&A activity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.04 |
M&A market share ...................................................................... |
46 |
......ν |
...................0.1 |
United States..................... |
34.4 |
|
5.05 |
M&A transaction value to GDP..................................................... |
41. |
.....ν................... |
1.9 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
9.9 |
|
5.06 |
Share of total number of M&A deals............................................. |
42. |
.....ν................... |
0.2 |
United States..................... |
23.3 |
|
|
Insurance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.07 |
Life insurance penetration............................................................ |
42. |
.....ν................... |
0.7 |
Ireland................................ |
19.8 |
|
5.08 |
Non-life insurance penetration...................................................... |
51. |
.....ν................... |
0.8 |
Netherlands.......................... |
9.5 |
|
5.09 |
Real growth of direct insurance premiums.................................... |
16. |
.....ν................... |
6.5 |
Argentina............................ |
21.9 |
|
5.10 |
Life insurance density................................................................... |
41. |
.....ν................... |
0.2 |
India................................... |
43.5 |
|
5.11 |
Non-life insurance density............................................................ |
40. |
.....ν................... |
0.2 |
China................................. |
16.1 |
|
5.12 |
Relative value added of insurance to GDP.................................... |
31. |
.....ν................... |
1.1 |
Bahrain................................. |
6.0 |
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Securitization |
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5.13 |
Securitization to GDP ................................................................. |
19. |
.....ν................... |
0.6 |
United States....................... |
5.1 |
|
5.14 |
Share of total number of securitization deals................................ |
19. |
.....ν................... |
0.6 |
United States..................... |
53.6 |
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6th pillar: Financial markets |
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Foreign exchange markets |
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6.01 |
Spot foreign exchange turnover .................................................. |
42. |
.....ν................... |
0.1 |
United Kingdom................. |
38.5 |
|
6.02 |
Outright forward foreign exchange turnover ................................. |
36. |
.....ν................... |
0.1 |
United Kingdom................. |
41.3 |
|
6.03 |
Foreign exchange swap turnover ............................................... |
45. |
.....ν................... |
0.0 |
United Kingdom................. |
33.3 |
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Derivatives markets |
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6.04 |
Interest rate derivatives turnover: Forward rate agreements......... |
n/a. |
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n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
48.4 |
|
6.05 |
Interest rate derivatives turnover: Swaps ..................................... |
39. |
.....ν................... |
0.0 |
United Kingdom................. |
45.3 |
|
6.06 |
Interest rate derivatives turnover: Options ................................... |
n/a. |
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n/a |
United Kingdom................. |
50.4 |
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6.07 |
Foreign exchange derivatives turnover: Currency swaps.............. |
40. |
.....ν................... |
0.0 |
United Kingdom................. |
32.1 |
|
6.08 |
Foreign exchange derivatives turnover: Options........................... |
43. |
.....ν................... |
0.0 |
United Kingdom................. |
55.3 |
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Equity market development |
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6.09 |
Stock market turnover ratio.......................................................... |
57. |
.....ν................... |
5.3 |
Turkey.............................. |
237.9 |
|
6.10 |
Stock market capitalization to GDP.............................................. |
32. |
.....ν................. |
56.2 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
440.2 |
|
6.11 |
Stock market value traded to GDP............................................... |
52. |
.....ν................... |
2.4 |
Hong Kong SAR............... |
681.5 |
|
6.12 |
Number of listed companies per 10,000 people........................... |
33. |
.....ν................... |
0.1 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
2.0 |
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Bond market development |
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6.13 |
Private domestic bond market capitalization to GDP.................... |
35. |
.....ν................... |
3.3 |
Denmark.......................... |
177.2 |
|
6.14 |
Public domestic bond market capitalization to GDP..................... |
41. |
.....ν................. |
12.6 |
Japan............................... |
208.5 |
|
6.15 |
Private international bonds to GDP............................................... |
40. |
.....ν................... |
3.8 |
Ireland.............................. |
202.8 |
|
6.16 |
Public international bonds to GDP................................................ |
18. |
.....ν................... |
7.7 |
Greece............................... |
70.8 |
|
6.17 |
Local currency corporate bond issuance to GDP........................ |
n/a. |
........................... |
n/a |
Malaysia............................... |
4.9 |
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7th pillar: Financial access |
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Commercial access |
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7.01 |
Financial market sophistication..................................................... |
40. |
.....ν................... |
4.7 |
United Kingdom................... |
6.8 |
|
7.02 |
Venture capital availability............................................................. |
31. |
.....ν................... |
2.9 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
4.5 |
|
7.03 |
Ease of access to credit .............................................................. |
11. |
.....ν................... |
4.5 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
5.0 |
|
7.04 |
Financing through local equity market.......................................... |
45. |
.....ν................... |
3.6 |
Hong Kong SAR................... |
5.7 |
|
7.05 |
Ease of access to loans............................................................... |
20. |
.....ν................... |
3.6 |
Bahrain................................. |
4.8 |
|
7.06 |
Foreign direct investment to GDP................................................. |
11. |
.....ν................... |
4.7 |
Hong Kong SAR................. |
34.2 |
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Retail access |
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7.07 |
Market penetration of bank accounts........................................... |
56. |
.....ν................. |
20.5 |
Denmark............................ |
99.7 |
|
7.08 |
Commercial bank branches ........................................................... |
3. |
.....ν................. |
49.5 |
Portugal............................. |
75.9 |
|
7.09 |
Total number of ATMs.................................................................. |
41. |
.....ν................. |
25.2 |
Korea, Rep....................... |
250.3 |
|
7.10 |
Debit card penetration.................................................................. |
49. |
.....ν................. |
14.1 |
Netherlands........................ |
97.6 |
|
7.11 |
Loan accounts at MFIs................................................................... |
1. |
.....ν............... |
121.2 |
Peru................................. |
121.2 |
|
7.12 |
Loan from a financial institution.................................................... |
17. |
.....ν................. |
12.7 |
Finland............................... |
23.9 |
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The Financial Development Report 2012 | 223
2: Country/Economy Profiles
Philippines
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2011................................................................... |
95.9 |
GDP (US$ billions), 2011................................................................... |
213.1 |
GDP (current prices) per capita, 2011............................................ |
2,223.4 |
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total, 2011....................................... |
0.50 |
Compound annual growth rate of real GDP (%), 2007—2011............. |
3.30 |
Financial assets by major type, 2010
27.0%
40.7%
4.0%
28.3%
Total/GDP 193.9%
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US$ bn |
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Public debt securities |
104.6 |
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Private debt securities |
15.3 |
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Banking deposits |
109.7 |
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Equity securities |
157.3 |
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Total |
386.9 |
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Financial Development Index 2012
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Rank (out of 62) |
Score (1—7 scale) |
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2012 Index |
49 |
3.1 |
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4 |
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7 |
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inputs |
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Factors, policies, and institutions |
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1st pillar: Institutional environment |
39 |
3.9 |
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Financial sector liberalization |
30 |
4.7 |
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Corporate governance |
27 |
4.5 |
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Legal and regulatory issues |
48 |
3.4 |
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Contract enforcement |
57 |
3.2 |
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2nd pillar: Business environment |
54 |
3.4 |
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Human capital |
42 |
3.8 |
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Taxes |
41 |
4.6 |
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Infrastructure |
55 |
2.5 |
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Cost of doing business |
60 |
2.8 |
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3rd pillar: Financial stability |
47 |
3.9 |
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Currency stability |
32 |
4.4 |
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Banking system stability |
54 |
3.1 |
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Risk of sovereign debt crisis |
39 |
4.3 |
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4 |
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5 |
6 |
7 |
Financial intermediation
4th pillar: Banking financial services |
49 |
3.0 |
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Size index |
44 |
1.7 |
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Efficiency index |
33 |
5.2 |
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Financial information disclosure |
54 |
1.2 |
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5th pillar: Non-banking financial services |
21 |
2.7 |
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IPO Activity |
31 |
1.4 |
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M&A Activity |
26 |
2.4 |
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Insurance |
37 |
2.5 |
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Securitization |
7 |
4.4 |
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6th pillar: Financial markets |
34 |
2.2 |
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Foreign exchange markets |
36 |
1.1 |
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Derivatives markets |
26 |
2.4 |
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Equity market development |
44 |
1.8 |
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Bond market development |
20 |
3.1 |
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1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
Financial access
7th pillar: Financial access.................................................................. |
53 |
2.7 |
Commercial access........................................................................ |
38 |
3.4 |
Retail access.................................................................................. |
48 |
2.1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
outputs |
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Note: For further details and explanation, please refer to “How Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”
224 | The Financial Development Report 2012