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Possibilities Will – won’t – may – might

هناك أربعة طرق للحديث عن احتمالات المستقبل :-

1.(will + مصدر ) affirmative (إثبات)

(won’t + مصدر ) negative (النفي)

وهي تساوي: I'm sure و definitely و certain و certainly

I’m sure Mona will pass the exam. She studies day by day.

I’m sure Mona won’t pass the exam. She doesn’t study.

2. (may + مصدر ) ربما / تأتى عند عدم التأكد

I’m not sure تأتى مع / It’s probable / Perhaps + will + may

He may visit us tomorrow. I’m not sure.

3. might + مصدر تأتى عند عدم التأكد على الإطلاق

I don’t know تأتى مع / I don’t think so / It’s possible

He might go to the cinema tomorrow. I don’t know.

A. It is probable that he will visit us to night. (may)

He may visit us tonight.

B. It is possible that the accident will be reported (might)

The accident might be reported.

C. Perhaps he will call us tonight. (may)

He may call us tonight.

D. She might give a party next week (possible)

It’s possible that she will give a party next week.

Relative clause العبارة الموصولة

*العبارة الموصولة هي التي تحتوى على ضمير وصل

Who \ which\ that\ where\ when\ whose

عندما تحل هذه الضمائر محل فاعل في الجملة (الأولى) يوضع الضمير (الجملة الثانية + الضمير) بعد الفاعل الأول مع حذف المتكرر في الجملة الثانية .

عندما تحل الضمائر محل مفعول به (الجملة الأولى) يوضع الضمير بين الجملتين بعد المفعول مع حذف المتكرر في الجملة الثانية .

1-Who … تحل محل فاعل / مفعول الذي / التي للعاقل

- Mr. Adel is a doctor. He live here.

- Mr. Adel who lives near is a doctor.

- I saw Adel(مفعول) saved the child.

- I saw Adel who saved the child.

2-Which … تحل محل فاعل / مفعول الذي / التي لغير للعاقل

- This is the dog. Bit the boy.

- This is the dog which bit the boy.

3- That …..تحل محل who / which يطبق عليها نفس القواعد السابقة

-The man ………has a red car is my uncle.

(which\ that\ whose\ where)

4-Where حيث تحل محل مكان

- He went to Alex. He was born in Alexandria.

- He went to Alex where he was born.

لاحظ تم حذف حرف الجر

- She spent ten years in London. She worked on London.

- She spent ten years in London where she worked.

5-When عندما / تحل محل زمان

- He phoned me last Monday. He arrived last Monday.

- He phoned me last Monday when he arrived.

لاحظ تم حذف حرف الجر

6-Whose تحل محل الملكية

- Mr. Ahmed is angry. His car was stolen.

- Mr. Ahmed whose car was stolen is angry.

Obligationالضرورة

في المضارع :

Must / have to Has to+ المصدر

وهي تساوي It is necessary for … to + inf .

Mustn’t يجب ألا : تأتى في التحريم / المنع

وهي تساوي It is necessary for … not to +inf

و It is not allowed for … to.

You mustn't play with matches.

You mustn't park here.

don’t have to + مصدر

doesn’t have to مصدر

وهي تدل علي عدم ضرورة فعل شيء

و تساوي It is not necessary for… to +inf. وتساوي don't need to +inf

و needn't +inf

في الماضي :

Had to +inf

وهي تساوي It was necessary for … to + inf .

didn’t have to + مصدر

و تساوي It was not necessary for… to +inf.

وتساوي didn't need to +inf.

You must do your homework now, or father will be angry.

You don’t have to do your homework now, tomorrow is a holiday.