Infectious

1.What infectious diseases do you know? What are children’s infectious diseases? Define infectious diseases you know.

I know such infectious diseases as : influenza, AIDS, tuberculosis, diarrhea and dysentery and some children’s infectious diseases such as : chicken-pox, diphtheria, mumps, measles, rubella, scarlet fever.

1)Flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. Some people, such as older people, young children, and people with certain health conditions, are at high risk for serious flu complications

2)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease of the humanimmune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As the illness progresses it interferes more and more with the immune system, making the person much more likely to get infections, including opportunistic infections, and tumors that do not usually affect people who have working immune systems.

3) Tuberculosis, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis.^[1] Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air when people who have an active TB infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit their saliva through the air

4) Diarrhea is the condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day. The loss of fluids through diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte disturbances such as potassium deficiency or other salt imbalances.

5) Dysentery is an inflammatory disorder of the intestine, especially of the colon, that results in severe diarrhea containing mucus and/or blood in the feces with fever, abdominal pain  and rectal tenesmus (a feeling of incomplete defecation), caused by any kind of infection.

6) Chickenpox is a highly contagious illness caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV)It is often a mild illness, characterized by an itchy rash on the face, scalp and trunk with pink spots and tiny fluid-filled blisters that dry and become scabs four to five days late

7) Diphtheria is a bacterial infection that characterized by the formation of a fibrinous pseudomembrane upon the mucosa usually that of the respiratory tract.

8) Mumps is a contagious disease that is spread from person to person through contact with respiratory secretions, such as saliva from an infected person. 

9) Measles, also called rubeola, is a highly contagious respiratory infection that's caused by a virus. It causes a total-body skin rash and flu-like symptoms,

10) Rubella is a contagious viral disease, which occurs most often in children. The virus is transmitted via the respiratory route, and symptoms usually appear 2–3 weeks after exposure.

11) Scarlet fever is caused by an infection with group A streptococcus bacteria. The bacteria make a toxin that can cause the scarlet-colored rash.

2.What may infectious diseases caused by?

Infectious diseases may be caused by :

• Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis.

• Viruses. Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of diseases — ranging from the common cold to AIDS.

• Fungi. Many skin diseases, such as ringworm or athlete's foot, are caused by fungi. Other types of fungi can infect your lungs or nervous system.

• Parasites. Malaria is caused by a tiny parasite that is transmitted by a mosquito bite. Other parasites may be transmitted to humans from animal feces.