2.3. Alternative questions

Альтернативный вопрос состоит из двух общих, соединенных союзом or (второй вопрос может быть неполным).

Ср.: Does your sister go to school or does she study at the Conservatoire?

Do you like tea or (do you like) coffee?

Такой вопрос предполагает полный ответ:

My sister goes to school. I like coffee.

2.4. Disjunctive questions

Расчлененный вопрос состоит из двух частей. Первая часть представляет собой повествовательное предложение – утвердительное или отрицательное. Вторая – краткий общий вопрос, состоящий из вспомогательного глагола (модального глагола, глагола-оператора) и личного местоимения в именительном падеже, заменяющего подлежащее. Выбор глагола во второй, вопросительной части предложения соответствует времени сказуемого основного предложения. Если повествовательная часть предложения утвердительная, то краткий вопрос содержит частицу not и наоборот.

Ср.: Tom is a good musician, isn’t he?

Jane must not play the piano, must she?

3. Imperative sentences

Побудительные предложения выражают приказание или просьбу и могут быть как утвердительными, так и отрицательными.

Ср.: Open the books, please!

Please, do not (don’t) open the books!

Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения от глагола be также образуется с помощью глагола-оператора do.

Ср.: Be quiet! Don’t be afraid of it!

Exercises

I. Make up sentences, using the words given below.

Model: first-year student, I, am, a – I am a first-year student.

1. study, we, at the Conservatoire

2. at the University, study, they

3. gets up, my mother, at 7 o’clock in the morning

4. at the metallurgical plant, my father, works

5. Russian, are, students, they

6. learned, we, English, at school

7. at our English lessons, English texts, read, and, we, discuss

8. do, we, at home, many, exercises

9. till 3 o’clock, our lessons, last

10. we, speak, at the lessons, to our teacher, English, must

11. you, can, English, speak?

12. I, may, a question, ask, you?

13. afraid, you, are, a mistake, of making?

14. English, can, you, at home, learn?

15. understand, do, my English, you?

16. your friends, want, do, to learn, French, or, German?

17. all of you, do, in the general conversation, take part?

18. did, understand, the teacher’s story, you?

19. read, modern, you, do, books, English?

20. a dictionary, use, while reading, do, a play by Shaw, you?

21. your homework, is, where?

22. do, study, you, where?

23. what, do, study, you, subjects?

24. was, what, favourite, your, at school, subject?

25. department, you, study, at, what, do?

26. does, whom, your institution, train?

27. are, how many, in your institution, departments, there?

28. scholarship, get, you, do, how much?

29. future occupation, will, your, be, what?

30. will, graduate, when, you, from the college?

II. Give short answers to the questions.

1. Can you write all the English letters?

2. Can you pronounce all the English sounds?

3. Is it possible to learn English for a month?

4. Do students always answer questions of a teacher?

5. Do teachers usually correct mistakes of students?

6. Are there any mistakes in your exercise?

7. Do you have your English lessons in the morning?

8. Does your sister get excellent marks in English?

9. Does she study English grammar carefully?

10. May I translate the next paragraph?

11. May I go and take a dictionary from the library?

12. Are you a first-year student?

13. Is the dean’s office on the first floor?

14. Can you see the time-table on the wall?

15. Have you got English textbooks?

III. Fill in the blanks making use of the following words: who, whom, whose, what, which, when, why, how, how long, what kind of, where, how many.

1. … delivers lectures in musicology in your group?

2.… are the classes over on Monday?

3. … do you ask for help while preparing your English?

4. … dictation is the best one today?

5. … … does the course of study last?

6. … subjects are the major ones at your Conservatoire?

7. … of you prefers French to English?

8. … do you spend your spare time?

9. … can a student fail an exam?

10. … is your hostel situated?

11. … do lectures and practical classes take place?

12. … lectures did you miss last month?

13. … grants do our students get?

14. … is at the head of our Conservatoire?

15. … educational institutions are there in your home town?

IV. Answer the questions.

1. Did you pass the examination in History or did you fail it?

2. Do you do well in Literature or do you lag behind?

3. Is it the dean’s office or a classroom?

4. Do you want to take post graduate courses or are you going to work?

5. Is your brother a first-year student or is he an undergraduate?

6. Is your time-table ready or not?

7. Do students have holiday in summer or do they study?

8. Have you got all the necessary textbooks at home or do you have to take them in the library?

9. Do you pay for the tuition or do you study free of charge?

10. Can every school-leaver enter higher school or not?

V. Complete the questions.

1. Your sister learns two foreign languages, …?

2. She works hard at her English, …?

3. She reads English books in the original, …?

4. We need a lot of words and phrases to describe our daily activities, …?

5. You don’t use an English-Russian dictionary, …?

6. The dictionary usually contains words and their meanings, …?

7. English spelling is not easy, …?

8. We don’t learn any other foreign language besides English, …?

9. It is not possible to learn a foreign language without a teacher, …?

10. Grammar is not a difficult subject, …?

VI. Make up a request or an order from the following word combinations, adding the word “please”.

1. to go to the blackboard; 2. to speak louder; 3. not to close the window; 4. to write down the new words; 5. not to copy out the text; 6. to be quiet; 7. not to be noisy; 8. to pay attention to grammar rules; 9. not to be absent-minded; 10. not to be lazy