
- •Л. М. Калашникова
- •Improve your english
- •Предисловие
- •From sound to word english alphabet
- •Types of syllables
- •Basic rules of reading
- •English vowels and their combinations
- •Reading exercises pronounce correctly
- •Consonants
- •Consonants and vowels
- •2. Interrogative sentences
- •2.1. General questions
- •Is it raining? – No, it is not (isn’t).
- •2.2. Special questions
- •Вопросительные слова
- •2.3. Alternative questions
- •2.4. Disjunctive questions
- •3. Imperative sentences
- •Exercises
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Pronouns
- •I haven’t seen you for ages.
- •I agree with him.
- •It’s time for us to go.
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •Indefinite pronouns
- •Местоимения, производные от some, any, no, every
- •Полифункциональность слова that
- •Многозначное местоимение it
- •I don’t understand the rule. Explain it again.
- •It seems to me that it is time to go.
- •Exercises
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Nouns articles
- •Plural of nouns
- •Possessive case
- •1) В единственном числе путём прибавления апострофа ’ и окончания -s.
- •Exercises
- •Что едят англичане?
- •How to lay the table
- •Shopping
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
- •Двойные степени сравнения
- •Exercises
- •Seasons and weather
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Numerals
- •Frictional numerals
- •Exercises
- •Times, days, date
- •Conjugation and functions of the verb to be Основные формы: be - was/were -been
- •I was not at the concert yesterday (wasn’t). Future Indefinite
- •I shall be we shall be
- •Exercises
- •The study of an english professor
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Future Indefinite
- •Exersises
- •Jane got ill
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Modal verbs
- •I cannot (can't) explain the rule.
- •Must — долженствовать
- •Заменители глагола must:
- •Exercises
- •Magnitogorsk
- •Topical vocabulary
- •The ground forms of the verbs
- •Indefinite tenses
- •I did not ( didn' t) give my textbook to Helen.
- •Exersises
- •From the histiry of great britain
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Present participle (participle I)
- •Функции причастия I
- •Continuous tenses
- •Основные случаи употребления Continuous Tenses
- •Exersises
- •I. Make the Present Participle from the following verbs.
- •II. Translate paying special attention to the functions of Participle I.
- •III. Make the sentences interrogative.
- •IV. Make the sentences negative.
- •V. Put the sentences into the Past and into the Future Tenses.
- •VI. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense, Indefinite or Continuous.
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Passive voice
- •Indefinite Passive
- •V. Read and translate the sentences paying special attention to Passive Voice.
- •VII. Make up Passive sentences out of the following words.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text paying attention to the constructions with Passive Voice. The educational system in great britain
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •X. Read the text and find out what is in common and what is different between Russian and British Universities. British universities
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Unit 12
- •Perfect tenses
- •Времен группы Perfect
- •I shall not (shan’t) have written to my friend by the time you come.
- •I haven’t seen you for ages.
- •I have never been to London.
- •Perfect continuous
- •Future Perfect Continuous выражает длительное действие в будущем, которое начинается ранее другого действия в будущем и будет ещё совершаться в момент наступления последнего.
- •Exercises
- •I. Read and translate the following sentences.
- •VI. Read and translate the text. The russian federation
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Unit 13
- •Complex sentences
- •Object clauses
- •I ask the flight attendant when we will arrive in New York.
- •I want to read how America was discovered. Примечание
- •Sequence of tenses
- •Indirect questions
- •Exercises
- •From the history of the usa
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Unit 14
- •Attributive clauses
- •Adverbial clauses
- •1. Clauses of time
- •Clauses of consequence
- •7. Clauses of concession
- •It could not win the war against the combined French-American army.
- •8. Clauses of comparison
- •Exercises
- •Washington
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Unit 15
- •The infinitive
- •Complex object
- •I heard him boasting of his education.
- •Complex subject
- •Exercises
- •British English American English
- •Musical education in the usa
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Unit 16
- •The gerund
- •Синтаксические функции герундия и способы его перевода на русский язык
- •Exercises
- •Education in canada
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Unit 17
- •Subjunctive I
- •Subjunctive II
- •If I had had any time yesterday I should have read the book
- •Exercises
- •Australia
- •Topical vocabulary
- •New zealand
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Список использованной литературы
- •Contents
Reading exercises pronounce correctly
VOWELS
– name, take, date, same, wave, say, may, play, wait, paint, again, translate, age, wages, gave, came, shape, place, space, case, scale, way, aim, navy, razor
– man, has, stand, hand, angle, sat, matter, began, act, can, cash, black, back, battle, marry, cat, hammer, bad, apple, grammar, thank, cabbage, language, carry
– art, farm, dark, part, alarm, car, market, sharp, large, March, card, hard, article, park, arm, garden, carpet, pardon, remark, regard, army, parcel, charge, department, compartment, artist, carve, scarf
– dare, fare, stare, rare, air, pair, prepare, compare, share, care, chair, square, upstairs, despair, aware, mare, repair, spare, fair, hair, farewell, warehouse
– be, we, these, even, meter, recent, complete, treat, each, means, clean, feet, deep, needle, speed, teach, easy, season, degree, field, believe, between, repeat, beat
– let, left, shelf, desk, length, depth, then, well, bench, else, help, second, metric, pencil, method, plenty, direct, depend, effect, immense, suggest, better, settle, terror, bet
– term, serve, nerve, person, certain, prefer, vertical, reserve, determine, German, verb, adverb, servant, university, clergyman, advertisement, herd, refer, merchant, fern, herb, kerchief, perfect
– here, near, clear, sphere, fear, tear, severe, career, appear, engineer, ear, dear, beer, serious, cheer, serial, interfere, period, hero, sincere, beard, era, jeer, mere, peer
– slide, rise, mile, prize, strike, mine, vital, line, lie, might, price, giant, decide, surprise, dining-room, five, write, silence, side, triangle, recognize, smile, like, fine, wise
– inch, pick, since, switch, thin, inner, middle, simple, silver, consist, until, bit, resist, bitter, mirror, with, still, dinner, ship, fifteen, six, this, begin, picture, fill
– first, third, circle, thirsty, firm, circular, fir, dirty, birthday, girl, thirteen, thirty, affirmative, sir, bird, circus, shirt, skirt, stir, mirth, shirker, swirl, circumstance, firmament
– fire, wire, tire, tired, desire, entire, admire, empire, fireplace, retire, campfire, Ireland, Irish, spire, dire, hire, piracy, iron, siren, shire, mire, Sire, squire
– no, so, note, stone, close, over, oval, open, moment, local, compose, remote, devote, home, ago, motor, joke, grocer, bone, phone, stove, hotel, go, rose, globe
– not, job, clock, box, bottle, office, possible, common, constant, doctor, problem, solve, rock, hot, sorry, college, dog, pot, consonant, shop, coffee, follow, frost, compliment, knock
– force, form, short, born, order, border, or, ordinary, inform, report, more, shore, before, for, morning, corner, corn, pork, fortnight, record, enormous, important, sort, according, accordion, horn, fork, sport, sore
– tube, due, cube, use, unit, tune, pupil, produce, usually, future, union, Universe, resume, occupy, student, human, music, duty, useful, excuse, introduce, refuse, puce, tutor, stupid
– up, cut, plus, ultra, judge, hundred, under, current, structure, subject, upper, sudden, conduct, construct, discuss, bunch, must, number, Russia, result, much, supper, puff, punctual, puppet
– fur, turn, burden, further, furnish, surface, return, burn, furniture, Turkey, hurt, curtain, murder, church, surname, surgery, burst, curd, furtive, gurgle, nurse, purpose, purple, sturdy, Thursday, curve
– pure, cure, durable, during, curious, bureau, curate, duress, furious, fury, jury, purify, purity, spurious
– my, by, try, unify, occupy, multiply, rely, supply, deny, sky, fly, why, reply, nylon, dry, July, shy, style, hygiene, typhus, typhoon, tyrant, myself, rye
– symbol, system, symphony, myth, Olympic, cymbals, crystal, syllable, sylph, symmetry, sympathy, symptom, synchronize, syncretism, syndicate, syntax, cyclamen, dystrophy, fylfot, gymnast, gyps, hymn, hypnotist
– sofa, comma, paper, banner, slogan, human, common, bacon, sentence, signal, reason, person, murmur, sulphur, collar, poison, horror, mirror, column, ago, apply, attempt, combine, compare, construct
– active, elastic, practical, pencil, pupil, army, navy, party, dusty, sleepy, synthetic, rabbit, summit, splendid, traffic, service, duty, plenty, forty, thirsty, daily
– boil, boy, point, noise, join, poison, loyal, appoint, exploit, toy, joy, voice, enjoy, oil, royal, enjoyable, foyer, point, coin, coy, foil, hoist, loiter, moist, alloy, choice, destroy, employ, soil, spoil
– book, look, shook, good, wood, cook, stood, goods, booking-office, bookshelf, nook, rook, brook, crook , cookie
– spoon, moon, tool, soon, cool, choose, school, smooth, fool, roof, pool, goose, balloon, foolish, shoot, tooth, stool, soot, mood, noose, root, rooster, proof, hoop, afternoon
– draw, because, saucer, taught, daughter, autumn, author, authorship, authentic, owe, awful, awkward, auxiliary, audience, vault, trawler, taunt, plaudit, spawn, shawl, sauce, raw, pause, pawn, law, Paul
– proud, round, thousand, out, pound, ground, mountain, about, amount, around, without, account, mouse, noun, count, house, cloud, pronounce, loud, shout, trousers, blouse, counter, south
– town, down, now, brown, allow, how, cow, powder, crowd, renown
– yellow, arrow, bellow, billow, borrow, burrow, fellow, sorrow, elbow, furrow, gallows, window, hallow, harrow, hollow, meadow, mellow, narrow, pillow, Heathrow, widow, shadow, sparrow, swallow
– coal, coat, coast, goal, loaf, oats, boast, boat, coach, coax, foam, load, goat, loan, moan, moat, road, shoal, soak, toad, toast, oak, float, roast