Exercise #1. Identify which action took the first place (1st) in the past and which action took the second place (2nd):

e.g. I laughed when I saw my son. He had poured a bowl of noodles on top of his head.

a) 2nd I laughed.

b) 1st My son poured a bowl of noodles on his head.

1. I had poured water into the cup and drank tea.

a) ___ I drank tea

b) ___ I poured water

2. I went to have a bite; you didn’t want to go with me. You had gone before.

a) ___ I went to have a bite

b) ___ You went to have a bite

3. Carol could not prepare milkshake. The milk in the fridge had spoilt.

a) ___ Carol could not prepare milkshake

b) ___ The milk in the fridge spoilt

4. I looked for Bob, but he had left the building.

a) ___Bob left the building

b) ___I looked for Bob

Exercise #2. Combine expressions putting them in correct tenses (Past – Indefinite, Continuous or Perfect) to make a sentence:

e.g. to make a cocktail – to drink a cocktail

I drank the cocktail which he had made for his friend.

1. to look for a recipe – to write a recipe on a piece of paper

2. to turn off the light – to be dark in the room

3. to drink lemonade – to work hard

4. to drink tea – not to want to drink

5. to be there for an hour – to come there

Exercise # 3. Put all possible questions to the sentences:

1. By eleven o’clock Cathy had finished her work.

2. We had prepared the report by Friday.

3. When I came they had served the table and were waiting for us.

4. I had already ordered the drinks when he arrived.

Exercise # 4. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect:

1. Yesterday we (to prepare) a cocktail the recipe of which you (to give) us several days before. 2. He (to order) a sport drink in the bar because he (to lose) much water doing physical exercises. 3. Martin (to dilute) milk which his assistant (to buy) the day before. 4. I (to be sure) that you (to eat) cottage cheese because the fridge (to be) empty. 5. John (to notice) that Mary (to stop) suddenly in the hall looking at something in the living room.

Exercise # 5. Translate into English:

1. Коли він прийшов, ми вже замовили чай з кексами. 2. Він поставив чайник, дістав чашки і нарізав лимон, який купив в крамниці навпроти. 3. Ми зробили коктейль з вина, яке купили минулого року. 4. Він повідомив, що ми вже виконали всі замовлення і отримали оплати за них.

Unit 11 Catering Establishments

1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:

establishment – за́клад; syn: organization;

beverage – на́пій;

catering – громадське харчування;

e.g. Catering reveals the prosperity of the country. to cater – постачати; e.g. to cater a banquet; He owned a business that caters banquets and weddings. caterer – той, хто займається громадським харчуванням, постачальник

to undertake (undertook, undertaken) – бра́тися; syn: attempt, set about;

to undertake a job – братись за роботу; to undertake to deliver the goods – займатись доставкою товарів

snack-bar– закусочна;

snack – закуска; to snack – перекусити;

lounge– кімна́та (мі́сце) відпочи́нку;

e.g. She spent the whole evening in the departure lounge. to lounge – відпочивати, марнувати час;

luxurious– розкі́шний; syn: de luxe, expensive, magnificent; ant: austere, economical, poor; e.g. luxurious restaurant, luxurious furniture luxury – 1) розкіш: to be lapped in luxury – утопати в розкоші; 2) насолода: the luxury of good food. luxuriously– розкішно;

to engage– займа́тися; syn: occupy, involve, tie up;

e.g. We were engaged in catering and enlarged our business.

take-out food – їжа «з собою»

licensed – що ма́є дозвіл; syn: authorized, entitled, permitted; ant: banned, prohibited;

license (lisence) – ліцензія to license (to lisence) – давати дозвіл: to license a restaurant to sell spirits.

driving licence – права водія; lisence plate – номерний знак

e.g. Table licence is a licence authorizing the sale of alcoholic drinks with meals only.

mobile – рухомий; syn: moving, movable, changeable; ant: stable, invariable, constant;

canteen – буфет, їда́льня (npи зaвoдi, ycтaнoвi); primarily – головни́м чином; syn: principally; chiefly; mainly; ant. secondary, following;

wrapped – загорнутий;

premises – pl буди́нок; syn. building;

tavern – таве́рна;

to focus on – зосере́джувати;

to range – коливатися в пе́вних ме́жах; syn: fluctuate between, vary between;

e.g. The ages of staff range from 19 to 61. The services provided range from luxurious dinner to wrapped sandwich.

casual – випадко́вий; syn: incidental, unexpected, occasional; ant: deliberate, expected, planned;

dessert – десе́рт;

to resemble somebody – бу́ти схо́жим на когось; syn: be similar to, look like, duplicate;

resemblance – схожість to bear resemblance to – бу́ти схо́жим на e.g. It’s not very good toresemble other place. There is a faint resemblance between them.

pub – пивна, бар;

spirits – (звuч. pl) алкого́ль, спирт, спиртни́й напі́й;

fare – ва́ртість; syn: charge, price, cost;

e.g. Fares will rise as from January 11. The usual fare for our services is 100$.

crisps – хрустка картопля

crisp – хрусткий; syn: brittle, crunchy; ant: soft, wilted;

ploughman's lunch – "сніданок плугаря " (хліб з сиром);

greasy spoon – дешева закусочна;

delicatessen (deli) – гастрономі́чний магазин;

fry machine – фритюрниця;

niche– ніша; syn: position, place, calling;

e.g. This café fills a niche of its own. to niche – зручно влаштовуватись;

omelette – яє́чня, омлет:

e.g. You can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs.