Тема 1.8 Поїздка міськими видами транспорту

Рекомендована література

1. Словник.

2. Граматика англійської мови.

3. Буданов С.Ш., Борисова А.О. Ділова англійська мова. – Харків: «ТОРСІНГ ПЛЮС», 2005. – 128 с.

Самостійна робота

1. Read and translate the text.

The London Underground (otherwise known as the Underground or the Tube) is a metro system serving a large part of Greater London and parts of Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Essex. The system serves 270 stations and has 402 kilometres (250 mi) of track, 45 per cent of which is below ground. Since 2003 LUL has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Transport for London (TfL), the statutory corporation responsible for most aspects of the transport system in Greater London, which is run by a board and a commissioner appointed by the Mayor of London. As of 2012, 91 per cent of operational expenditure is covered by passenger fares.

It incorporates the first underground railway in the world, which opened in 1863 and now forms part of the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines, and the first line to operate underground electric trains, in 1890, now part of the Northern line.[4] The first tunnels were built just below the surface; later, circular tunnels (tubes) were dug through the London Clay at a deeper level. The Central London Railway was built this way and known as the "twopenny tube" when opened in 1900. The lines were marketed as the UNDERGROUND in the early 20th century on maps and signs at central London stations. The private companies that owned and ran the railways were merged in 1933 to form the London Passenger Transport Board. The Victoria line was opened 1968–71 and the Jubilee line in 1979, and the Jubilee was extended in 1999. The Travelcard was introduced in the mid-1980s and the Oyster card, an electronic ticketing system, in 2003. London Underground celebrated 150 years of operations on 9 January 2013. The system is currently being upgraded to increase capacity.

Today in official publicity, the term 'tube' embraces the whole underground system. The tube map, designed by Harry Beck in 1931, was voted a UK design icon in 2006 and now includes the other TfL railways such as the Docklands Light Railway and London Overground as well as the Emirates Air Line.

2. Grammar. Reciprocal Pronouns

Взаємні займенники вказують на значення взаємної дії: один одного, один одному.

Each other, one another.

3. Exercises.

Ex. 1 Translate into English.

1. Вони привітали один одного зі святом.

2. Вони ще довго шукали один одного в лісі.

3. Вони зробили своїми руками подарунки, які подарували один одному.

4. На цьому змаганні діти повинні говорити швидко слова один одному шепотом.

5. Вони кохали так сильно один одного, що ніколи не розлучалися.

Ex. 2 Fill in the gaps with none, nobody, nothing.

1. … of us will go there. It’s not the place we should go.

2. … has happened. Don’t worry.

3. It was too dark outside and we could see …

4. He found two copies but … of them was correct.

5. Kate had watched … of the two films I told her to watch.

6. There was … in the hall when we entered.

7. He will buy … today because it is Sunday and the shops are closed.

8. There was … at the counter.

9. You can see … out of the window. It is snowing heavily.

10. … of them is rigid.

Ex. 3 Fill in pronouns.

1. That girl never controls … .

2. My son and my daughter are very fond of … .

3. I think you and I have learned a lot about … in this session.

4. Charles and Karen had an accident and hurt … .

5. He looked at … in the mirror.

6. I painted the house all by … .

7. Jenny and Terry wrote to … for a long time.

8. All the members of the family looked at … .

9. She has accustomed … to that food.

10. We promised … a good holiday next year.

11. The door seemed to open all by ... .

12. We prepared … for the long journey ahead.

13. Did you amuse … last night ?

14. I've bought … a new car.

15. Nathalie and I have known … for years.