Тексты по специальности ТЭС / Conversion of Heating Boilers from Oil to Biomass

Conversion of Heating Boilers from Oil to Biomass

In many smaller towns in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Russia, small heating boilers supply hot water to centralized district-heating networks to provide space-heating and domestic hot water for buildings. These boilers often operate on heavy fuel oil or coal which are among the greatest sources of additional carbon-dioxide (CO,) emissions to atmosphere. The sulphur dioxide (SO) emissions from these boilers are significant causes of acid rain and environmental disruption and the heat and hot water costs based upon these fuels comprise a significant proportion of monthly income for most residents. These small boilers can be converted to burn biomass fuels (wood wastes, forest clearings and thinning and peat).

Sweden's experience in transforming and developing its heating system shows that great improvements can be obtained if renewable energy sources such as wood waste and other biofuels are used to a larger extent. If wood wastes or forest resources that are harvested sustainably are used, the net CO emissions are zero after the conversion which is another important benefit because of the impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide on global climate change.

The biomass fuels can be significantly cheaper than fuel oil or coal, thus providing important economic benefits in these regions. Domestic-equipment production and the installation of these boiler conversions can also provide local economic development benefits. The three Baltic states and Russia have favourable preconditions for an increased use of biofuels because of their ample forest resources.