
- •Matters at law and other matters английский язык для юристов учебник
- •Ответственный редактор:
- •Рецензенты:
- •Предисловие
- •Содержание
- •Unit 1. Law and society
- •History of law
- •It is the spirit and not the form of law that keeps justice alive.
- •Common Law and Civil Law
- •Animals as defendants
- •Kinds of Law
- •Unit 2. Violence
- •Crimes against humanity
- •Terrorism
- •Определение международного терроризма и методики борьбы с ним
- •Политика сша в области борьбы с международным терроризмом
- •Description
- •If you have any information concerning this person, please contact your local fbi office or the nearest american embassy or consulate.
- •Caution
- •If you have any information concerning this person, please contact your local fbi office or the nearest u.S. Embassy or consulate.
- •Description
- •Caution
- •If you have any information concerning this person, please contact your local fbi office or the nearest american embassy or consulate.
- •(C) Разыскивается
- •(D) Помощь следствию
- •Unit 3. Human rights
- •The european convention on human rights
- •Domestic violence
- •Society prepares the crime; the criminal commits it.
- •Justice not excuses
- •Whoever profits by the crime is guilty of it.
- •Unit 4. Crime detection
- •C rime Detection
- •From the history of fingerprinting…
- •Fingerprint evidence is used to solve a British murder case
- •Genetic fingerprinting
- •Dna evidence as evidence in criminal trials in England and Wales
- •The sentence of this court is...
- •Capital Punishment: Inevitability of Error
- •These are all little known facts about the system dealing with inmates, prisons and the law in the usa
- •Medvedev to head Russian anti-corruption council
- •If poverty is the mother of crimes, want of sense is the father.
- •Organized crime constitutes nothing less than a guerilla war against society.
- •I’m proud of the fact that I never invented weapons to kill.
- •Avoiding e-mail Fraud
- •Формирование прав потребителей. Донохью против Стивенсона
- •The causes of crime
- •The causes of crime Part II
- •The causes of crime Part III
- •The causes of crime Part IV
- •Unit 5. Juvenile delinquency
- •From the history of juvenile delinquency. Causes of delinquency
- •Сравнительный анализ законодательства об аресте в уголовном процессе сша и России
- •The juvenile justice system. Treatment of juvenile delinquents
- •Unit 1. Central features of the british law system
- •British Constitution
- •M agna Carta
- •History of the “Great Charter”
- •The Bill of Rights
- •From the History of the Bill of Rights
- •Habeas Corpus
- •C onstitutional Conventions in Britain
- •Key principles of British Constitution
- •The Supremacy of Parliament
- •The rule of law
- •Sources of english law
- •How Judicial Precedent Works
- •Parts of the judgment
- •The hierarchy of the courts
- •The Court Structure of Her Majesty's Courts Service (hmcs)
- •Unit 2. U.S. Courts
- •The judicial system of the usa
- •The us Constitution
- •Historical influences
- •Influences on the Bill of Rights
- •Unit 3. The jury
- •From the Juror’s Handbook (New York Court System)
- •Introduction
- •Common questions of jurors
- •Is it true that sometimes jurors are not allowed to go home until after the trial is over? Is this common?
- •Is possible to report for jury service but not sit on a jury?
- •Famous American Trials The o. J. Simpson Trial 1995
- •Selection of the Jury
- •Unit 4. Family law
- •Family Law
- •P arent and Child
- •Surrogacy
- •Adoption
- •Protection of children from abuse, exploitation, neglect and trafficking
- •Children’s rights
- •If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
- •Money often costs too much.
- •Consequences of child marriage
- •Unit 6. Police and the public
- •The Police in Britain t he definition of policing
- •Origins of policing
- •The world's first modern police force 1829
- •The police and the public
- •T he Stefan Kizsko case
- •The organization of the police force
- •Facts from the history of prisons
- •Improvements
- •Из интервью с главным государственным санитарным врачом Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний (фсин) России Владимиром Просиным (2009г.)
- •Law: the child’s detention
- •What does the law say?
- •Legal articles quotations
- •Information in language understood
- •What does the law say?
- •Inadmissible under article 6(3)(a) and (b)
- •Conclusion
- •Law and relevant articles quotations
- •Law and relevant articles quotations
- •Inhuman or degrading treatment
- •Facts. Handcuffed in public
- •Law and relevant articles quotations
- •Legal documents universal declaration of human rights
- •Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic,
- •21 February 1992, by the un Commission on Human Rights, reprinted
- •In Report of the Working Group on the Rights of Persons Belonging to
- •Article 1
- •Article 2
- •Article 3
- •Article 4
- •Short history of us civil procedure
- •The legal profession
- •Legal education
- •U.S. Courts
- •Virginia’s Judicial System
- •Virginia’s Judicial System (continued)
- •American law in the twentieth century
- •Criminal justice
- •The death penalty
- •Legal profession and legal ethics
- •Legal education
- •History of islamic law
- •History of islamic law qur’anic legislation
- •Legal practice in the first century of islam
- •Legal practice in medieval islam
- •Religious law and social progress in contemporary islam
Society prepares the crime; the criminal commits it.
Buckle
Crime is contagious. If the government becomes a lawbreaker, it breeds contempt for law.
Brandeis
DEBATE: How can victims of domestic violence be protected?
Give examples of domestic violence from your own life or somebody you know, or from the books you have read. Answer the following questions:
What laws could you make concerning domestic violence? Must they be severe?
What must be done to prevent hiding away the crime of domestic violence?
Must a victim talk with a health care provider if she/he has been physically hurt?
If a victim has been sexually, physically or emotionally abused, must she/he seek help from other family members, friends or community organizations?
Do you think community organizations can play an important role in protecting victims of domestic violence? Think of how these organizations could be built.
TASK 15. Study the text below, making sure you fully comprehend it. Where appropriate, consult English-Russian dictionaries and/or other reference & source books on law. Pay special attention to the words and word combinations in bold type.
Justice not excuses
Most acts of violence against women are never investigated. The perpetrators are not prosecuted. They commit their crimes with impunity. This contributes to a climate where violence against women is seen as normal, rather than criminal, and where women do not seek justice because they know they will not gain it.
In some countries, laws discriminate against women or are flawed so that they fail to protect women from violence.
Women may be prevented from seeking justice because they cannot afford to access the legal system, or fear their losing custody of children. In many countries, police and prosecutors are unwilling to believe and assist women abused by members of their family. Women who report abuse are told that it is a private matter or that it was “incited” by the woman’s own behavior. In these countries the state has failed in its obligations under international law to respect, protect and fulfill the rights of women. The state is responsible for investigating and prosecuting acts of violence against women. Too often, communities are complicit in the state’s failure to bring perpetrators to justice. Individuals and communities have vital roles to play in overcoming.
In some countries, legislation is discriminatory – laws treat women differently from men, and confer fewer or lesser rights on women. In several countries women need a male relative’s permission to get a passport, use contraception, acquire property or pass their citizenship to their children. Such laws restrict women’s ability to escape violence or seek justice. Even when the laws themselves are not discriminatory, they may be applied differently to women by the legal system. Women may be punished more severely than men for the same crimes or be denied equal protection under the law.
In some countries the definition of violence against women in the law may not cover all its forms. For example, the law may punish domestic violence, but omit marital rape from the definition.
Laws against violence against women – especially domestic violence – frequently emphasize family reunification or maintenance over protecting victims. Some countries have laws that suspend rape sentences if the perpetrator marries the victim.
In some countries laws allow so-called “honor crimes”, or allow a defense of “honor” to reduce criminal penalties.
International human rights law bans discrimination and violence against women. It presents ways to determinate the obligations of governments to promote and protect the human rights of women. It also provides mechanisms holding governments to account if they fail to meet those obligations.
Human rights treaties are contracts between particular states that are part of the international community of nations. Treaties such as the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child guarantee freedoms and entitlements that individuals ought to be able to claim at the national, and frequently, international level.
Such problem as domestic violence is issue of the day for many people. So every state must try to decide this question. It must improve legislation. Community mustn’t ignore impunity of domestic tyrants.
(Renvoize, Jean (1982). Incest: A Family Pattern // Guidelines for Psychological Evaluation in Child Protection Matters, American Psychological Association. - London: Routedge & Kegan Paul. - February 1998.)
NOTES:
to lose custody of children – не иметь возможности воспитывать своих детей
women who report abuse – женщины, заявляющие властям о насилии
“incited” by the woman’s own behavior – провоцируется поведением самих женщин
The state is responsible for investigating and prosecuting acts of violence against women. – Государство несет ответственность за расследование и преследование по закону актов насилия над женщинами.
In some countries legislation is discriminatory. – В некоторых странах законодательство дискриминирует женщин.
Community mustn’t ignore impunity of domestic tyrants. – Oбщество не должно игнорировать безнаказанность домашних тиранов.
Answer the following questions:
1) Why does it happen that the perpetrators are not prosecuted and commit their crimes with impunity?
2) 2. Is it because women know they will not gain justice they don’t seek it?
3) Can you explain why laws discriminate against women or are flawed in some countries?
4) What are the reasons preventing women from seeking justice?
5) What roles can individuals and communities play in overcoming discrimination and violence against women?
6) How can it happen that women are denied equal protection under the law?
7) How does international human rights law protect the human rights of women?
8) Is the problem of domestic violence issue of the day?
TASK 16. Match the English expressions with their Russian equivalents in the table:
1) issue of the day |
a) запретить дискриминацию и насилие против женщин |
2) to claim at any level |
b) привлечь виновных к суду |
3) to ban discrimination and violence against women |
c) развивать и защищать права женщин (в рамках прав человека) |
4) to promote and protect the human rights of women |
d) женщины, которые заявляют властям о насилии |
5) to reduce criminal penalty - сократить уголовное наказание |
e) государство не выполняет своих обязательств |
6) to seek justice |
f) заявить на любом уровне |
7) to gain justice |
g) сократить уголовное наказание |
8) laws are flawed |
h) животрепещущая проблема |
9) women who report abuse |
i) действовать по отношению к женщинам иначе, чем по отношению к мужчинам |
10) the state fails in its obligations |
j) безнаказанно |
11) to bring perpetrators to justice |
k) избегнуть насилия |
12) to treat women differently from men |
l) восстановление семьи |
13) to escape violence |
m) добиться правосудия |
14) family reunification |
n) законы не работают |
15) family maintenance |
o) воссоединение семьи |
16) with impunity |
p) искать правосудия |
TASK 17. (a) Translate the following word combinations into English in writing:
позволить сократить уголовные наказания ввиду «защиты чести»; запретить дискриминацию и насилие над женщинами; правительство не может выполнять свои обязательства; привлечь правительство к отчету; правительство не в состоянии выполнять свои обязательства; часть международного сообщества наций; гарантировать свободы и права; заявлять о правах; животрепещущая проблема; разрешить вопрос; изменить законодательство; безнаказанность домашних тиранов; сообщество не должно игнорировать; искать правосудия; добиться правосудия; законы, дискриминирующие женщин; законы не могут защитить женщин от насилия; потерять возможность воспитывать своих детей; женщины не могут добиться доступа в правоохранительную систему; полиция и следственные органы; не хотят верить и помогать женщинам; заявить о насилии; спровоцировано собственным поведением; расследование и преследование по закону; призвать виновных к ответственности; сыграть важную роль; дискриминационные законы; относиться к женщинам не так, как к мужчинам; подтверждать в той или иной степени права женщин; избегнуть насилия; законы могут быть применены по-разному; восстановление семьи; воссоединение семьи; условный приговор; безнаказанно; не преследуются по закону.
(b) Translate the following sentences into English in writing:
Большинство актов насилия над женщинами не расследуется. Виновные не преследуются по закону. Виновные совершают преступления безнаказанно. Существуют общества, в которых насилие над женщинами рассматривается как норма, а не как преступление. Женщины не ищут правосудия, т.к. они уверены, что не достигнут его. В некоторых странах законы дискриминационны по отношению к женщинам или они настолько бессильны, что не могут защитить женщин от насилия. Женщины боятся обратиться в правоохранительные органы в страхе потерять возможность воспитывать своих детей. Во многих странах полиция и следственные органы не хотят верить и помогать женщинам, подвергшимся насилию со стороны членов их семей. Государство несет ответственность за расследование и преследование по закону актов насилия над женщинами. Слишком часто общество является соучастником государства в бездействии относительно привлечения виновных к суду. Ограничивать возможность женщин избежать насилия. Правоохранительная система применяет законы по-разному по отношению к мужчинам и к женщинам. В некоторых странах закон наказывает домашнее насилие, но супружеское изнасилование на подлежит наказанию. Законы некоторых стран выносят условные приговоры об изнасиловании, если виновный женится на своей жертве. Международный закон по правам человека обеспечивает механизмы для призвания правительства к отчету, если оно не выполняет свои обязательства. Общество не должно игнорировать безнаказанность домашних тиранов.
TASK 18. Match the English expressions with their Russian equivalents in the table:
(a)
detention – задержание; заключение под стражу; содержание под стражей |
1) detention in custody |
a) предварительное заключение |
2) detention until the trial |
b) необоснованное задержание или содержание под стражей |
3) preliminary detention / detention on remand |
c) содержание под стражей |
4) unfounded detention |
d) превентивное заключение |
5) preventive detention |
e) заключение под стражу до начала рассмотрения дела в суде |
6) detention centre |
f) тюремная камера, камера для задержанных |
7) detention cell |
g) следственный изолятор, исправительное учреждение |
(b)
penalty – наказание; карательная мера; взыскание; санкция, штраф, штрафная неустойка |
1) to assess the penalty |
a) назначить наказание условно |
2) to impose a penalty |
b) определить меру наказания |
3) to make a penalty conditional |
c) под страхом смертной казни |
4) to proportion penalty to the crime |
d) назначить наказание |
5) death penalty |
e) наказание лишением свободы |
6) under penalty |
f) штраф, штрафная неустойка |
7) upon penalty of death |
g) назначить наказание соразмерно совершенному преступлению |
8) penalty of confinement / custodial penalty |
h) под страхом наказания |
9) non-custodial penalty |
i) смертная казнь |
10) money penalty |
j) наказание, не связанное с лишением свободы |
Quotations for common discussion
And who are the greater criminals – those who sell the instruments of death, or those who buy and use them?
Anonymous