- •The verb
- •Morphological structure
- •Basic forms
- •Notional verbs, auxiliary verbs and link verbs
- •Verbs are divided into notional, auxiliary and link verbs according to their syntactic function.
- •Transitive and intransitive verbs
- •Grammatical categories person
- •The english tenses in the passive voice
- •The Indicative Mood (изъявительное) 2. The Imperative Mood (повелительное)
- •3. The Subjunctive Mood (сослагательное) (including Conditionals)
- •Questions:
- •Answers to tag questions
- •To have
- •To denote possession, relationships, other states:
- •To talk about actions and experiences:
- •Have/Have got
- •Where do you have lunch? We don’t have parties very often. You have breakfast at 7, don’t you?
- •Questions
- •The Verb to do
- •Emphatic ‘do’
- •Do have some more tea. Do take a seat, won’t you? (In invitations and offers ‘do’ sounds very polite).
The verb
The verb is a part of speech which denotes an action. • The worker built the house.
Morphological structure
According to the morphological structure verbs are divided into a) simple; b) derived; (производный) c) compound; d) composite (phrasal).
SIMPLE VERBS (love, sit, have, live etc)
DERIVED VERBS
Derived verbs have affixes (suffixes and prefixes) The main suffixes of derived verbs: -ate, -en, -(i)fy, -ize, -ish
The meaning of the verbs with re- differs from the meaning of the verbs with re + verb. |
|
1) to re-collect вновь собрать 2) to re-cover снова покрывать 3) to re-turn вновь повернуть |
- to recollect вспомнить - to recover выздоравливать, получать обратно - to return возвращаться |
COMPOUND VERBS
Compound verbs consist of two stems. • to fulfil
COMPOSITE (PHRASAL) VERBS
A phrasal verb consists of a verb + a prepositional adverb (about, above, at, by, down, on, in, up etc). Prepositional adverbs are stressed. -IN, OFF, -AWAY etc are postpositions of adverbial origin and they often change the meaning of the verbs, with which they are associated.
to go (ходить) to go in – входить - to go out - выходить to go away - уходить to go by – проходить (мимо)
Basic forms
The basic forms of the verb are the Infinitive, the past simple, participle II and participle I .
English verbs are divided into three groups:
1) regular verbs 2) irregular verbs 3) mixed verbs
Notional verbs, auxiliary verbs and link verbs
Verbs are divided into notional, auxiliary and link verbs according to their syntactic function.
□ Notional verbs have a full meaning of their own and can be used without any additional words as a simple predicate.
To know, to open, to begin, to write, to speak, to cut etc -are notional verbs.
He shut the door and went away. I cut my finger. He knew, he was wrong.
□ Auxiliary verbs have lost their meaning and they have only a grammatical function. They are used in analytical forms.
To do, to have, to be, shall, will, should, would, may - are auxiliary verbs.
I don't remember his telephone number. We have had dinner. We are not hungry.
The children are sitting and playing in their room. We shall go there tomorrow.
□ Link verbs have lost (to a smaller or greater extent) their meaning and are used in the compound nominal predicate.
To be, to look, to feel, to turn can be link verbs.
English is an international language. Mr Carter turned pale.
I felt disappointed but not unhappy. The flat was too small for the family.
! In different context the same verb can be used as a notional verb, an auxiliary verb or a link verb.
A tiger and lion are wild animals (Link verb). No one was there to help him (Notional verb).
The house was built twenty years ago (Auxiliary verb).