Comprehension questions:

1. What are learning disabilities?

2. Why do children with learning disabilities perform poorly in schools?

3. May learning disabilities require special understanding?

Task 1. Match the following parts of the sentences.

1. A neurologically-based disorder of the type …	a) … are said to have mathematical disability.
2. Life disabilities interfere with …	b) … grade school, high school, and beyond.
3. A small minority of students …	c) … is called a learning disability.
4. Many papers were published about children …	d) … academic work, with children's games, daily activities, and even friendships.
5. This form of learning deficiency gained official recognition as a form of disability …	e) … when the disabilities act PO 192 was passed in 1970.
6. Learning disabilities may require special understanding and help throughout …	f) … who experienced unexpected reading problems.

Task 2. Translate into English using the vocabulary of the lesson.

Необучаемость – это нарушение психической деятельности, влияющее на способность понимать или использовать разговорный или письменный язык, решать математические задачи, координировать движения или сосредоточивать внимание. Чаще всего необучаемость встречается у очень маленьких детей и не распознается обычно до школьного возраста ребенка. Исследования показывают, что 8 – 10 % американских детей до 18 лет страдают симптомами необучаемости. Есть ли метод лечения? Наиболее известный метод – это специальное обучение, проводимое педагогами-специалистами.

Task 3. Use the expressions in the sentences of your own.

Social or cultural conditions; an emotional disturbance; a related problem; attention deficit disorder (ADD); attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); life disabilities; effects; daily activities.

Task 4. Explain the meaning of the following proverb. Use it in the situations of your own. Give the Russian equivalent.

“It is never too late to mend.”

Task 5. Choose one of the problems and make up a dialogue. (A newspaper reporter and a professional.)

1. Do you agree that the stages given above (input, integration, memory, output) really help the child in learning?

2. Each child has individual strength and weakness at each stage.

Colloquial phrases to use:

Type of problem; at the first (second, etc.) stage; rather than; have difficulty in, due to.

Grammar revision passive voice

Ex.1. Make the following sentences passive.

1. They bring up their children according to severe traditions. 2. They make spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors. 3. They call poor coordination of large muscle groups' gross motor disability. 4. They call poor coordination of small muscle groups' fine motor disability. 5. She repeated information often enough. 6. The consultants record, sequence, and understand and organize information. 7. The child might also reverse the order of letters in words. 8. This model distinguishes four stages of information.

Ex.2. Use adverbs of frequency from the box. Mind Passive.

Usually, hardly, ever, sometimes, always, often, never.

1. They have … been to that grade school. 2. She could …move her legs. 3. Abnormal children are … bought clothes by their parents. 4. Children with learning disabilities … impolite to people. 5. Have you … heard about his distractability? 6. My sister … goes to University by bus No. 84. 7. A small minority of students … come to see us. 8. His poor coordination is … ever seen.

Ex.3. Use the correct Tense-form (Active or Passive).

1. Individuals who are of average or above average mental ability (describe) by contemporary educators as having a Learning Disability. 2. This condition (describe) as "unexpected". 3. This condition (describe) by some specialists simply as Reading Disability or Dyslexia. 4. Two British physicians, Pringle Morgan and James Hinshelwood (describe) children with unexpected reading and spelling difficulties the 19th century. 5. The term "Learning Disability" (describe) this form of unexpected reading difficulty. 6. To be diagnosed as having Learning Disability, the individual should (describe) as having significant problems in reading and/or math.

Ex.4. Use Passive Voice where it is necessary.

1. All the pictures you (to see) here (to paint) by the same artist. 2. The work must (to do) in time. 3. The lesson (to do) before I (to come). 4. He can (rely on). 5. This lecture (to listen to) with great interest. 6. You (to want) on the phone. 7. The group must (meat) by you in the airport. 8. The baby (to look after) by a nurse. 9. Why he (not to ask) a single question? 10. Nobody (to invite) for the concert.

Ex.5. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Необучаемость распознается в начальном школьном возрасте. 2. Дети с патологически повышенной отвлекаемостью должны обучаться под наблюдением специалистов. 3. Условия обучения в начальной школе должны быть улучшены. 4. Неожиданные результаты были получены в ходе эксперимента. 5. Непохожесть современных детей друг на друга видится важнейшим ресурсом, который можно использовать в образовательном процессе.

Ex. 6. Translate thte text into Russian. Underline the Passive Voice.

We have been told to be at the station in time. We did our best not to be late, but in vain. Suddenly we were called and said that we didn’t have to come there at all. We were astonished but decided to go to the station despite of all the preventions. So when we arrived at the station the train we were to get on had already gone. We realized that we had been played a joke on. We were taken for nuts.

Ex. 7. Choose the proper variant when translating the sentences.

1. Ее отдали в школу в пятилетнем возрасте.

a) She was taken to school when she was 5.

b) They took her to school when she was 5.

2. Неспособность к обучению проявляется в том, что человеку трудно научиться читать, считать и писать.

a) Learning disability shows that a person is not able to make progress in reading, counting and writing.

b) Learning disability is manifested in dullness to read, to count and write properly.

3. Она родила сына во время войны.

a) She bore a son at the period of the war.

b) She was born a son at the period of the war.

4. Русские врачи прославились своим терпением, милосердием и умением принимать быстрые решения в критических ситуациях.

a) Russian physicians became famous for their patience, mercy and ability to settle the matter in urgency as quick as possible.

b) Russian physicians glorified for their patience, mercy and ability to act quickly in urgent situations.

5. Требуется приходить на работу вовремя.

a) It is required that you should come to your office on time.

b) It requires to come to your office on time.

Ex.8. Read the poem. Mind its grammar.