- •Unit 1 semiconductors
- •What is a semiconductor?
- •Types of semiconductors
- •Vocabulary
- •How semiconductors work
- •Doping of semiconductors
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 2 diode
- •What is a diode?
- •Vocabulary
- •Creating a p-n junction
- •Types of diodes
- •Diode applications
- •Ionizing radiation detectors
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 3 transistor
- •What does a transistor actually do?
- •Types of transistors and how they work
- •Vocabulary
- •Transistors in computers who invented the transistror?
- •Who Invented the Transistor?
- •Integrated circuit
- •What is an integrated circuit?
- •Vocabulary
- •How are integrated circuits made? who invented the integrated circuit?
- •Inside a Chip Plant
- •Vocabulary
- •Verbs with vowel changes
- •Verbs with 3 different vowels!
- •The really Irregular Verbs
- •Semiconductor glossary of terms
- •Unit 1 semiconductors
- •What is a semiconductor?
- •Types of semiconductors
- •Vocabulary
- •How semiconductors work
- •Doping of semiconductors
- •Unit 2 diode
- •What is a diode?
- •Vocabulary
- •Creating a p-n junction
- •Types of diodes
- •Vocabulary
- •Transistors in computers who invented the transistror?
- •Integrated circuit
- •What is an integrated circuit?
- •Vocabulary
- •How are integrated circuits made? who invented the integrated circuit?
- •Vocabulary
- •Bibliography
Vocabulary
Find the antonyms or opposite meanings of such words:
elements
intrinsic
negative carriers
n-type semiconductor
impure
Grammar
“To be, or not to be: that is the question…”
The Greek sea god Proteus was, like the sea, capable of changing form in an instant. Proteus knew all things – past, present, and future – but disliked telling what he knew. In order to get any decent information out of him, you had to grab him and hold on tight while he went through his various forms – lion, wild bear, snake, tree, running stream – it wasn't easy.
The verb “To be” is the most “protean” of the English language, constantly changing form, sometimes without a clear pattern. Considering that we use it so often, it is really too bad that the verb “To be” is the most irregular, slippery verb in the language.
Here are some forms of the verb “To be” in the sentences from the text you have listened to about the types of semiconductors.
An intrinsic semiconductor material is chemically very pure. |
Whereas an extrinsic semiconductor is an improved intrinsic semiconductor. |
Holes and electrons are responsible for current in semiconductor materials. |
These carriers are produced as a result of thermal agitation of the atoms, even at room temperature. |
Semiconductors are available as either elements or compounds. |
The verb “To be” is used in the following patterns:
with a noun:
Silicon is a semiconductor.
with an adjective:
The electrical conductivity of intrinsic semiconductors is poor.
with the - ed form to make the Passive Voice:
This process of producing hole-electron pairs is called thermal generation.
Semiconductors were discovered in 1874.
There is / There are:
There is a semiconductor material in each modern electronic device.
There are intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
This is / These are and That is / Those are:
This is a p-type semiconductor.
These are doped semiconductors.
That is germanium.
Those are compound semiconductors.
Basic Tense Forms of the verb “To Be” |
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|
Present |
Past |
Future |
|
Simple |
I |
Am |
was |
will be |
he/she/it |
Is |
|||
you/we/they |
Are |
were |
||
Perfect |
I/you/we/they |
have been |
had been |
will have been |
he/she/it |
has been |
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Let’s take a closer look at the Present tense forms of the verb “To be”. The following tables include the affirmative or positive form (+), the negative form (–) and the interrogative or question form (?). Complete the tables.
Affirmative (+) |
||
The Verb “To be” |
Contracted |
Example |
I am |
I’m |
I am a teacher. |
You … |
You’re |
You are a student. |
He … |
He’s |
|
She is |
She… |
|
It … |
It’s |
It … a semiconductor. |
We … |
We’re … |
|
You are |
You … |
You … students. |
They … |
They … |
|
Negative (–) |
|||
The Verb “To be” |
Contracted |
Example |
|
I am not |
I’m not |
I am not a student. |
|
You are not |
You’re not |
You aren’t |
You … not a teacher. |
He … |
He’s not |
He isn’t |
|
She is not |
She’s not |
She … |
|
It is not |
It … |
It isn’t |
It is not a semiconductor. |
We … |
We’re not |
We aren’t |
|
You are not |
You… |
You aren’t |
You are not teachers. |
They … |
They’re not |
They … |
|
Interrogative (?) |
||||
The Verb “To be” |
Short answer (+) |
Short answer (–) |
||
Am I a teacher? |
Yes, I am. |
No, I am not. |
No, I’m not. |
|
Are you a student? |
Yes, you are. |
No, you … not. |
No, you’re not. |
No, you aren’t. |
Is he …? |
Yes, he … |
No, he … |
No, he’s … |
No, he isn’t |
… she …? |
|
|
|
|
… it …? |
|
|
|
|
Are we...? |
Yes, we are. |
No, we … |
No, we’re not |
No, we … |
…you…? |
|
|
|
|
…they…? |
|
|
|
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Speaking
Work in pairs. Discuss the difference between the types of semiconductors, agreeing or disagreeing, rather than just making short statements. Use the correct forms of the verb “to be”.